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Reputation
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For other uses, see Reputation (disambiguation).

The reputation of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity typically as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behaviour or performance.[1]

Reputation is a ubiquitous, spontaneous, and highly efficient mechanism of social control[2] in natural societies. It is a subject of study in social, management,[3] and technological sciences.[4] Its influence ranges from competitive settings, like markets, to cooperative ones, like firms, organizations, institutions and communities. Furthermore, reputation acts on different levels of agency, individual and supra-individual. At the supra-individual level, it concerns groups, communities, collectives and abstract social entities (such as firms, corporations, organizations, countries, cultures and even civilizations). It affects phenomena of different scales, from everyday life[5] to relationships between nations. Reputation is a fundamental instrument of social order, based upon distributed, spontaneous social control.

The concept of reputation is considered important in business, politics, education, online communities, and many other fields, and it may be considered as a reflection of that social entity's identity.

Contents
1 Corporate reputation
1.1 Reputation as a concept for companies
1.1.1 Academic literature
1.1.2 Practical measurement of reputation
1.2 Connections to related, company-level concepts
1.3 Consequences of reputation
1.3.1 Performance outcomes
1.3.2 Decision outcomes
2 Topics relating to reputation
2.1 Reputation management
2.2 Reputation capital
2.3 Building reputation through stakeholder management
2.4 Causes and consequences
2.5 Reputation recovery/repair
2.6 Reputation transfer
3 Cognitive view of reputation
3.1 Image
4 Online
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading

Corporate reputation
Reputation as a concept for companies
Academic literature
Since 1980, the study of 'corporate reputation' has attracted growing scholarly attention from economics, sociology, and management.[6] The concept of reputation has undergone substantial evolution in the academic literature over the past several decades.[6][7][8] Terminology such as reputation, branding, image and identity is often used interchangeably in both the popular press and—until recently—in the academic literature, as well.