Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

在当今中国互联网上，泛lgbt与跨性别者群体正在如爆炸般增长。无论是在推特中文区，还是在b站上，都能看到关于对这些人尤其是对于药娘的讨论。但是另一方面，随着这一现象的大面积泛滥，各种问题接连浮现而来。是否在主流文化圈中接纳这一类群体？是否需要在法律层面上修改对性文化的解释？这些都是不可忽略的问题，所以笔者打算写下这篇文章来对lgbt与跨性别者的困局做一些分析，并尽一些力所能及的帮助。
首先，跨性别者与泛lgbt面临的第一大困局即是多元文化和中国单一文化主体的矛盾。在古代，中国在多元性文化方面一直是有不小的渊源，美既可以描述女子，也可以描述男子（美男子），甚至以此还诞生出了所谓“龙阳之好”。战国时期的齐国，就有《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》中邹忌和城北徐公比美的故事，而到了汉朝，汉高祖刘邦的儿子汉惠帝，则是一个不折不扣的双性恋者，甚至背地里还在后宫养男宠作为宠爱的对象。到了明清时代，还有很多大尺度的言情 武侠小说，甚至诸如为躲避追杀而男扮女装，却转角遇到进京赶考的秀才而途生爱意的故事。但一直以来，这些都属于“不登大雅之堂”的东西。而到了当代，随着中华民族认同的塑造以及中国的现代化的完成，中国的单一民族文化也在不断巩固。因此，多元文化也未曾正式有过国内的土壤。故孝经有云：身体发肤，受之父母，不敢毁伤，孝之始也。
那么在未来，多元性文化是否在中国国内会随着政治文化的需求而发生改变么？放眼中国乃至整个东亚的国情而言，我觉得不会。一方面，中国的现代化是基于1902年梁启超以后中华民族的塑造而成的，而中华民族的塑造又是建立在92%以上人口为汉民族和汉文化的绝对统治地位而成。因此，中国是先天性的单一民族国家，而单一民族国家往往对于多元文化的引入又是一个相对矛盾的状态。即使是民主化和多元文化引入比较好的日本和南韩，也至今只是在社会层面上认可了lgbt和跨性别者，而不是法律意义上，只有台湾把认可lgbt写入了法律，但台湾能做到也是出于台湾本省 外省 客家 原住民等族群的多元化联系。另一方面，从世界范围来看，长期以来美国是自由主义的灯塔，而俄罗斯则是保守主义尤其是新保守主义的灯塔。随着俄乌战争的持续以及俄罗斯从世界大国位置的急剧下滑，俄罗斯从世界大国下滑为地区大国是未来的趋势，所以势必会带来意识形态影响力的衰退。因此，我认为中国作为当今以及未来保守主义的大本营，也依然会强调单一文化的塑造，无论是否中国实现了民主化，亦是如此。
其次，跨性别者与泛lgbt面临的第二大困局即是与自由派和泛左意识形态需求的冲突。从泛左的角度来说，社会主义乃至共产主义的最终目标都是将个人/劳动者从教条制约中解放出来，以达到自由王国的阶段，而文化繁荣也建立在经济生产环境的自由状态之下的。有了稳定且受法律保障的八小时工作制，所以泛左和工人阶层才能更好的和资本家与政府进行政治斗争，才能进一步推动多元文化的发展。而从激进自由主义者的角度来说，文化多元是欧美西方世界普遍采取的先进制度，并且成功的民主制度需要一个相对宽松的多元文化土壤，只有文化上的进步才能推动社会层面的进步，所以中国的“文艺复兴”更需要多元文化来做依靠。（注：笔者本人算是保守自由主义者，所以我对此并不太认同，但不代表我一定会对此持负面看法）。而我观察到的绝大多数lgbt和跨性别者却是要么坐吃山空的状态，要么总是只想着自己的一亩三更地而不是借此来在文化层面上提出反建制诉求从而争取权利，甚至出现了严重的抑郁 自闭 冷漠 魔怔发狂 负能量抱怨社会 甚至是去和一些原教旨神友和润人同流合污 寄希望于润出去一了百了的行为，更有甚者甚至还出现了卖惨骗钱和自残乃至自杀的情况。我认为这是极为不应该的，作为单一文化和建制的反对者，跨性别者和lgbt群体本应是去争取自己的权利乃至推动中国的民主和进步为要义的。至少基于希望多元性文化能够被社会接纳甚至有政治探讨的余地，我认为跨性别者和lgbt群体有义务去发声的，只有中国处在民主和宪政的大框架之下，多元性文化才有更多值得被探讨的空间，而当今在仍处在现代威权政治之下的国内，显然连这个被讨论的可能性都是没有的，就好比想要获得木材，就应该建立在有好的斧子和电锯的前提下，连好的工具都没有，又何谈木材的获得呢？倘若国内的跨性别者和lgbt群体能多一些去身体力行的争取时政方面的诉求，并以此来强调多元性文化的重要性，lgbt和跨性别者群体至少在中国互联网会有更好的名声。
最后，跨性别者与泛lgbt群体面临的第三大困局即是怎么缓和在现实生活和互联网中的矛盾。一方面，在传统的中国家庭伦理中，泛lgbt和跨性别者面临着家庭关系和性取向问题的严重冲击，尤其是跨性别者群体还需要花费不小的价格来购买雌二醇之类的药物，这样的开销对于个人家庭而言能不能承担，能不能接受的起，以及药物对身体的副作用等等，都是需要考虑的问题。而在很多中国传统家庭中，对于这种行为可以说是几乎无法接受的事情，甚至是涉及伦理道德的冲击。因此，能不能争取自己家庭的支持尤为重要。《大学》有云：古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国；欲治其国者，先齐其家。在传统的中国人看来，只有家庭的和睦与团结才是探讨治国道义的基础。所以，我觉得如果lgbt和跨性别者群体不能争取到自己家庭支持的情况下，不如多和自己的家里人多做交流沟通，克制自己的性文化方面的诉求，而是把这些转化为对现实政治的诉求。未来等自己有成家立业和工作生活的能力，再做这方面的打算也不迟。就如西瓜与芝麻的取舍，如果只是为了多元性文化的芝麻而舍弃现实政治诉求的西瓜，那显然是极为不明智的。正因如此，泛lgbt与跨性别者在中国面临的困局愈发凸显。我也希望跨性别者与泛lgbt群体能够有更好的生活，能够被社会容纳，在中国国内把这份多元性文化的憧憬，拿去发挥自己的光与热。

On the Internet in China today, the pan lgbt and cross gender groups are growing like an explosion. Whether in the Chinese section of Twitter or on Bilibili, you can see discussions about these people, especially about Yao Niang. On the other hand, with the widespread spread of this phenomenon, various problems have emerged one after another. Is this group accepted in mainstream cultural circles? Is it necessary to modify the interpretation of sexual culture at the legal level? These are all issues that cannot be ignored, so the author intends to write this article to analyze the dilemma of LGBT and transgender people, and do their best to help.
Firstly, the first major challenge faced by transgender individuals and the general LGBTQ community is the contradiction between multiculturalism and a single cultural entity in China. In ancient times, China had a significant history of multiculturalism, where beauty could describe both women and men (beautiful men), and even gave birth to the so-called "Longyang's goodness". During the Warring States period in the state of Qi, there was a story in "Zou Ji's Critique of the Qi King's Advice" about Zou Ji's beauty comparison with Xu Gong in the north of the city. However, in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Hui of Han, the son of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, was a true bisexual and even secretly kept male pets in the harem as objects of affection. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were still many large-scale romance martial arts novels, even stories such as men disguised as women to avoid pursuit, but met a scholar heading to the capital for an exam and fell in love with him on the way. But all along, these have been things that are not considered 'elegant'. In contemporary times, with the shaping of Chinese national identity and the completion of China's modernization, the single ethnic culture of China is also constantly consolidating. Therefore, multiculturalism has never had a formal domestic soil. Therefore, the Classic of Filial Piety states: When one's body and skin are affected by their parents, they dare not harm them. This is the beginning of filial piety.
So in the future, will multiculturalism change in China with the demands of political culture? Looking at the national conditions of China and even the entire East Asia, I don't think so. On the one hand, China's modernization is based on the shaping of the Chinese nation after Liang Qichao in 1902, and the shaping of the Chinese nation is based on the absolute dominance of the Han ethnic group and Han culture with over 92% of the population. Therefore, China is a congenital mono ethnic state, and the introduction of multiculturalism in mono ethnic states is often a relatively contradictory state. Even Japan and South Korea, which have introduced democratization and multiculturalism well, have only recognized LGBT and transgender individuals at the social level, rather than in a legal sense. Only Taiwan has written the recognition of LGBT into law, but Taiwan's ability to do so is also due to the diverse connections of ethnic groups such as indigenous people from other provinces outside Taiwan. On the other hand, from a global perspective, the United States has long been a beacon of liberalism, while Russia has been a beacon of conservatism, especially neoconservatism. With the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and Russia's sharp decline from its position as a world power, Russia's transition from a world power to a regional power is a future trend, which will inevitably lead to a decline in ideological influence. Therefore, I believe that as the stronghold of conservatism today and in the future, China will still emphasize the shaping of a single culture, regardless of whether China has achieved democratization or not.
Secondly, the second major dilemma faced by transgender individuals and pan LGBT communities is the conflict with liberal and pan left ideological demands. From a pan leftist perspective, the ultimate goal of socialism and even communism is to liberate individuals/workers from dogmatic constraints in order to reach the stage of a free kingdom, and cultural prosperity is also established under a free state of economic production environment. With a stable and legally protected eight hour workweek, the pan leftist and working class can better engage in political struggles with capitalists and the government, and further promote the development of multiculturalism. From the perspective of radical liberals, cultural diversity is an advanced system widely adopted in Europe, America, and the Western world. Successful democratic systems require a relatively relaxed multicultural soil, and only cultural progress can promote social progress. Therefore, China's "Renaissance" relies more on multiculturalism. (Note: As a conservative liberal myself, I do not fully agree with this, but it does not necessarily mean that I will hold a negative view of it.). However, the vast majority of LGBT and transgender individuals I have observed either sit idly by or only think about their own land, rather than using it as a means to raise anti establishment demands and fight for their rights on a cultural level. They have even experienced severe depression, autism, apathy, madness, negative energy complaints about society, and even colluded with some fundamentalist friends and Run people in the hope of getting rid of it all. Some have even resorted to selling and cheating money, self harm, and even suicide. I think this is extremely unacceptable. As opponents of a single culture and system, transgender and LGBT groups should be fighting for their rights and promoting democracy and progress in China. At least based on the hope that diverse cultures can be accepted by society and even have room for political discussion, I believe that transgender and LGBT groups have an obligation to speak out. Only when China is under the framework of democracy and constitutionalism, can diverse cultures have more room for discussion. However, in today's country, which is still under modern authoritarian politics, it is obvious that there is no possibility of this being discussed. It is like obtaining wood, which should be based on the premise of having good axes and chainsaws. Without good tools, how can we talk about obtaining wood? If the transgender and transgender groups in China can practice their own demands on current politics and emphasize the importance of diversified culture, the transgender and transgender groups will have a better reputation on the Internet in China at least.
Finally, the third dilemma faced by transgender and pan lgbt groups is how to ease the contradiction in real life and the Internet. On the one hand, in traditional Chinese family ethics, pan LGBT and transgender individuals face serious impacts on family relationships and sexual orientation issues, especially the transgender community who also need to spend a considerable amount of money to purchase drugs such as estradiol. Whether such expenses can be borne by individual families, whether they can accept them, and the side effects of drugs on the body are all issues that need to be considered. In many traditional Chinese families, such behavior is almost unacceptable and even involves ethical and moral impacts. Therefore, it is particularly important to seek the support of one's own family. The Great Learning "says: In ancient times, those who wanted to be virtuous in the world should first govern their country; Those who want to govern their country must first gather their families. In the traditional Chinese view, only the harmony and unity of the family is the basis for exploring the morality of governance. So, I think if the LGBT and transgender communities cannot gain support from their families, it's better to communicate more with their families, restrain their sexual and cultural demands, and turn them into demands for real-life politics. It's not too late to make plans in the future when one has the ability to start a family, establish a career, and work life. Just like the trade-off between watermelon and sesame, it is obviously unwise to sacrifice watermelon for the sake of diverse cultural sesame and realistic political demands. Therefore, the dilemma faced by pan LGBT and transgender individuals in China has become increasingly prominent. I also hope that transgender people and the general LGBT community can have a better life, be accepted by society, and use this vision of diverse culture in China to bring out their own light and enthusiasm.