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"The United Citizen Federation, also referred to as the Terran Federation, is the unified government of Earth, all inhabited Sol System planets as well as its associated colonies, territories and outposts. The Federation is a veteran-led, republic-style parliamentary system of government based in Geneva, Switzerland and ruled by the authority of the Federal Council in all matters except those directly related to the military."

"The United Citizen Federation consists of two branches:"

-UCF Administration (Executive & Legislative)
-Federal Armed Services (Enforcement)

"All Federal Council members are selected from the pool of national governors within each star system under the jurisdiction of the Federation. Each Council member is able to cast a single vote pertaining to all matters directly affecting the Federation."

"Every government position within the Federation (from the most junior member of a Council member's staff to the Council members themselves) can only be filled by a Citizen. Civilians are unable to apply for any government position given that they have not yet proven they will keep the interests of the Federation first and foremost within their heart, defending them with their life if necessary. Citizenship (or franchise) is earned by civilians primarily through a voluntary term of service with the Federal Service of no less than two years (including swearing an oath to that effect)."

"Direct control of the main branches of the Federal Armed Services are placed under singular command of a Sky Marshal during periods of declared war."

-From the Starship Troopers Wikia