Those marked with (NEW) have been added in the 1.3 update, and those with either (CHANGES) or (MASSIVE CHANGES) have been modified to some extent.

Civics

Default Civics

Avid Explorers (CHANGES)
Survey speed: +15%
Anomaly research speed: +10%
Anomaly discovery chance: +10%
Science ship build cost: +50%

Bureau of Transportation (CHANGES)
Sublight speed: +10%
FTL speed: +15%
Jump drive range: +10%
Ship upkeep: +10%
Can build the Vessel Streamlining Bay starbase building

Planetary Cache (CHANGES)
Homeworld has the Strategic Cache deposit, providing 1 Volatile Motes, Rare Crystals and Exotic Gases per month
With certain technologies, the deposit can provide up to 3 of each resource

Collectivism
Stability: +10
Pop growth speed: +10%
Pop demotion time: -50%
Workers political power: +50%
Unemployed pop energy upkeep: +1
Must have Shared Burdens living standard

Diplomactic Giants (CHANGES)
Envoy improve relations: +25%
Diplomatic Influence cost: -50%
Trust growth: +10%

Emergency Ship Defences (CHANGES)
Evasion: +20%
Emergency FTL damage risk: -20%
Shield hit points: +15%
Ship fire rate: -10%

Imperialist Ambitions
Colony development speed: +10%
Starbase influence cost: -20%
Claim influence cost: -20%
Border friction: +50%

Masters of Architecture (CHANGES)
Megastructure build capacity: +1
Megastructure build speed: +25%
Construction time: -10%
Construction cost: +10%
Homeworld has the Grand Monument deposit

Personal Weapons (CHANGES)
Army damage: +25%
Army cost: -25%
Crime: +10
Crime: +20%
Has access to the Limit Personal Weapons edict

Sovereign Nations (CHANGES)
Monthly influence: +0.5
Monthly unity: +20%
Governing ethics attraction: -75%

Starfleet Academies (CHANGES)
Ship evasion: +10%
Ship tracking: +10%
Admiral level cap: +1
The Fleet Academy starbase building provides ships with an extra 200 starting experience

World Council (CHANGES)
Faction influence gain: +15%
Happiness: +10%
Homeworld has the Planetary Council Hall building, providing Amenities, Stability and Unity
Can build the Colonial Council Hall building on colonies, providing smaller bonuses

Collective Punishment
Assault army damage: +15%
Ship weapons damage: +10%
Can use the Armageddon bombardment stance

Defenders of the Faith
Army morale: +15%
Monthly influence: +1
War exhaustion gain: -25%
Spiritualist ethics attraction: +50%
Engineering research speed: -5%
Can use Crusade casus belli against materialists
Better opinion with spiritualists, but worse with materialists

Defensive Policies (CHANGES)
Ship build speed (defensive war): +20%
Defense army damage: +15%
Defense army health: +15%
Has access to the special National Defense Level policies

Industrial Capitalism
Alloys from jobs: +10%
Consumer goods from jobs: +10%
Energy from jobs: +15%
Worker pop resource output: -5%
Happiness: -10%

Free Market (CHANGES)
Trade value: +25%
Monthly energy credits: +5%
Market fee: -10%

Multiculturalism (CHANGES)
Pop growth speed: +10%
Xenophile ethics attraction: +50%
Governing ethics attraction: -25%
Can enact the Strengthen Diversity decision on owned worlds

Seekers of Knowledge (CHANGES)
Research alternatives: +1
Researchers output: +5%
Researchers consumer goods upkeep: +5%
Homeworld has the Planetary Databanks building, providing research

Warmongers (CHANGES)
Ship fire rate: +10%
Assault army damage: +15%
War exhaustion gain: -30%

Social Darwinism (CHANGES)
Leader skill level cap: +2
Leader experience gain: +15%
Specialist output: +10%
Monthly unity: -15%
Administrators produce an additional 1 energy

Cult of Personality (CHANGES)
Governing ethics attraction: +25%
Citizen happiness: +5%
Monthly influence +0.5
Stability: -10
Has access to the Spread of Propaganda edict

Ruthless Suppression (CHANGES)
Stability: +10
Crime: -25
Job output: +5%
Pop growth speed: -15%

Peaceful Society
Crime: -15
Citizen happiness: +10%
Pop growth speed: +5%
Ship build cost: +10%
Administrators produce an additional 2 unity
Cannot use the Militarized Economy policy option

Patrol Agency (CHANGES)
Piracy suppression per ship: +25
Trade protection: +10
Trade value: +5%

Nihilistic Cult (NEW)
Physics research from jobs: +10%
Sublight speed: +15%
Traditionalist faction is neutral about machines
Full AI Rights policy option available
Priests produce 3 Physics Research instead of 2 Society Research

Machine Cult (NEW)
Engineering research from jobs: +10%
Construction time: -15%
Traditionalist faction likes machines
AI Worship policy option available
Priests produce 3 Engineering Research instead of 2 Society Research

Crystalline Energy Grid (NEW)
Energy credits from jobs: +5%
Homeworld has a deposit providing 2 Rare Crystals
Technicians produce twice as much Energy, but have an upkeep of 2 Rare Crystals
Start with a Crystal Mines building and the ability to build another

War Industry (NEW)
Ship build time: -15%
Alloys from jobs: +20%
Consumer goods from jobs: -15%
Cannot use the Civilian Economy policy option
Has access to a special wartime edict, allowing the conversion of Consumer Goods into Alloys

Peacekeepers (NEW)
Subject power penalty: -25%
Diplomatic weight from fleet: +25%
Federation fleet contribution: +50%
Claim influence cost: +50%
Imperialist faction does not demand war or rivalries
Can form the special Peacekeeping Coalition Federation, allowing the use of the Neutralize Threat wargoal on empires deemed a threat

Hive Mind Civics

Concerted Befrienders
Trust growth: +25%
Envoy improve relations: +25%
Trust cap: +50
Have a small opinion bonus, rather than a penalty

Eye in the Sky (CHANGES)
Planet sensor range: +3
Ship sensor range: +2
Ship weapons range: +10%
Crime: -15

Genetic Manipulators
Pop growth speed: +10%
Gene modification points: +1
Modify species special project cost: -25%
Start with three techs in gene modding

Hunters of the Void
Sublight speed: +15%
Ship fire rate: +10%
Evasion: +15%

Nourishment Focus
Max agriculture districts: +3
Pop food upkeep: -10%
Agriculture district build speed: +20%

Rapid Breeding (CHANGES)
Pop growth speed: +20%
Amenities: +15%
Hive Districts provide an extra 3 housing

Research Driven (CHANGES)
Research alternatives: +1
Research speed: +10%
Tech cost from empire sprawl: -25%

Semi-Autonomous Drones (CHANGES)
Monthly unity: -10%
Ship experience gain: +20%
Army experience gain: +20%
Research speed: +5%

Total Control (CHANGES)
Stability: +20
Monthly influence: +0.5
Leader level cap: +2

Voidswarm
Naval capacity: +20
Military ship build speed: +20%
Ship upgrade cost: -20%

Machine Civics

Diplomatic Competitor
Available envoys: +2
Diplomatic weight: +15%
Envoy improve relations: +50%

Expansion Protocols (CHANGES)
Starbase influence cost: -25%
War exhaustion gain: -15%
Claim influence cost: -15%

Mighty Processors (CHANGES)
Starbase capacity: +3
Naval capacity: +25
Administrative capacity: +50
Sublight speed: -10%

Organic Friendly Interface (CHANGES)
Border friction: -50%
Trust cap for organics: +50
Trust growth: +20%

Routine Machine Checks (CHANGES)
Stability: +15
Monthly influence gain: +0.5
Pop amenity usage: -20%

Corporate Civics

Constant Growth (CHANGES)
Administrative capacity: +50
Claim influence cost: -20%
Empire sprawl from systems: -15%

Travel Agency
Immigration pull: +30%
Pop growth from immigration: +25%
Can build Tourist Decks on starbases with a colony in the system

Cooperative Upbringings
Faction influence gain: +25%
Faction energy gain: +0.50
Happiness: +10%

Technocorp (CHANGES)
Research speed: +10%
Research alternatives: +2
Researchers produce an additional 1 energy

War Factories (CHANGES)
Army build speed: +20%
Military ship build speed: +15%
Army cost: -20%
Military ship build cost: -15%

Origins

Seeded Evolution (MASSIVE CHANGES)
Start in a special home cluster
Special event chain available to find the Seeders
Species has the Seeded trait

Dwindling Arcologies (MASSIVE CHANGES)
Start with an Ecumenopolis as your homeworld
Start the game with an additional 6 Pops
Special events available to deal with the lack of sustainance
No guaranteed habitable worlds will spawn near your home system

Plague-Ridden (MASSIVE CHANGES)
Homeworld has the Pandemic Past modifier and several special deposits and blockers
Special events and technologies available to cure the plague
Species has the Plague Ridden trait

Policies

Religious Stance

State Religion
Spiritualist ethics attraction: +50%
Monthly unity: +10%
Edict cost: -5%
Robot upkeep: +10%

Religious Freedom
Governing ethics attraction: +10%
Happiness: +10%
Robot upkeep: -2.5%
Monthly unity: +2.5%

State Atheism
Materialist ethics attraction: +50%
Robot upkeep: -10%
Research speed: +5%
Monthly unity: -10%

Recruitment Policy

Conscription
Army and ship build speed: +10%
Army and ship build cost: -10%
Naval capacity: +50
Army damage and health: -5%
Ship weapons damage and armour points: -5%

Neutral
No bonuses or penalties to military construction

Professionalism
Army damage and health: +10%
Ship weapons damage and armour points: +10%
Ship starting experience: +500
Army and ship build speed: -5%
Army and ship build cost: +5%

National Defense Level (NEW)

High
Defense platform capacity: +6
Ship build speed (defensive war): 60%
Ship build speed: +15%
Amenities: -60%
Ship build cost: +15%
Pop upkeep: +10%

Moderate
Defense platform capacity: +4
Ship build speed (defensive war): 40%
Ship build speed: +10%
Amenities: -40%
Ship build cost: +10%
Pop upkeep: +5%

Low
Defense platform capacity: +2
Ship build speed (defensive war): 20%
Ship build speed: +5%
Amenities: -20%
Ship build cost: +5%

None
Pop upkeep: -5%
Pop happiness: -15%

Edicts

Emergency Conscription (CHANGES)
Army and ship build speed: +15%
Army and ship build cost: -10%
Resources from jobs: -10%

Master AI: Activation
Triggers the "Master AI: Activated" event

Celebrate National Holiday (CHANGES)
Monthly unity: +15%
Pop happiness: +10%
Pop amenities usage: -10%

Limit Personal Weapons (NEW)
Stability: +15
Crime: -75%
Citizen happiness: -20%
Governing ethics attraction: -20%

Temporary Economic Militarization (NEW)
Triggers the "Economic Militarization" event
Pop consumer goods upkeep: -5%
Pop happiness: -10%

Spread of Propaganda (NEW)
Governing ethics attraction: +75%
War exhaustion gain: -25%
Monthly unity: +5%
Pop consumer goods upkeep: +15%

Ascension Perks

Ancient Studies (CHANGES)
Monthly minor artifacts: +0.10
Archaeology excavation speed: +25%
Allows the construction of the Artifact Laboratories building

A Galaxy United (CHANGES)
Available envoys: +1
Trust growth: +10%
Border friction: -100%
Non-genocidal empires have a +50 opinion bonus towards you

One with Nature (CHANGES)
Blocker removal cost: -25%
Terraforming speed: +25%
Habitability: +10%

The Master AI
Computing field research speed: +15%
Research alternatives: +1
Issues special project: Master AI: Construction

Primitive Protection Program (CHANGES)
Society research from jobs: +20%
Xenophile ethics attraction: +50%
Allows special mission on Observation Posts

Technologies

Physics Tech

Hyperintelligent AI
Unlocks the The Master AI ascension perk

Society Tech

Advanced DNA Mapping (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Viral Structure Examination (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Plague Emulation (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Clinical Studies (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Vaccine Testing (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Vaccine Volunteering Program (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Vaccine Regulations (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Extensive Effects Analysis (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your species' biology
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Effective Plague Removal (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Anti-Plague Chemicals (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Surface Purification (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Contamination Removal (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Atmospheric Cleansing (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Subterranean Excavation (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Ravaged Area Restoration (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Underground Evacuation (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Survivor Healing Program (NEW)
Progresses the chain to restore your homeworld
(Plague-Ridden origin only)

Engineering Tech

Alloy Enrichment Scheme
Unlocks the "Alloy Enrichment Plant" building

Luxuries Management Policies
Unlocks the "Goods Management Facility" building

Buildings

Artifact Laboratories
+2 archaeologist jobs

Alloy Enrichment Plant
Alloys from jobs: +10%
+1 metallurgist job

Goods Management Hub
Consumer goods from jobs: +10%
+1 artisan job

Disease Control Centre (NEW)
Stability: +10
Pop happiness: +5%
Resources from jobs: +5%
+5 energy
+5 consumer goods

Planetary Council Hall (NEW)
Stability: +10
Amenities: +10
Unity from jobs: +15%

Colonial Council Hall (NEW)
Stability: +5
Amenities: +5
Unity from jobs: +10%

Planetary Databanks (NEW)
Physics research: +5
Society research: +5
Engineering research: +5
+1 researcher job