You'll get these achievement just playing the game

How It Started
Become the Chief of Security.



Bad To Worse
Write the first act.



Breaking Point
Write the second act.



How It's Going
Finish the story.

You need at least two playthrough to get all the achievement.
There are a couple of mutually exclusive achivement, but mostly for these two achievements that require dialogue choices that are the opposite of each other.
Law And Order
Stick to the Codex.
You will need to follow everything by the codex and reply accordingly. I don't really know every needed choice, but I get it with these:

• In the second case, while investigating Luis's bunk, you'll find his mom (Zena). Report Zena mental status to your sergeants in security.
  
• When talking with Leona in the art center about what art should do to the system, reply "to uphold it".
  
• At the beggining of the second act, the first time you'll return to the hospital, Leona will be there asking painkillers for her dog. Refuse her request.
  
• Immediatly after, while talking to Elliot, reply "You will be an Engineer".
  
• Get Alive And... Well? achievement (see below).
  
• When you'll find about dr. Yaha faking painkillers prescription to help Asher reply the former "Let's talk about the pills soon" and the latter "You broke the rules"
  
• Agree to arrest navigator Joseph at near the end of second act.
  
• In general, don't defy the captain order and always agree (for example at the begging of the last act, just tell her "understood")
  
• Complete all cases correctly and get "The Despot" and "For Earth" achievement

Anarchy
Codex, what's that?
For this achievement you will need to do everything against the codex, so make sure your choices are against it. As before I'm not sure if all these choice are needed:

• In the second case, while investigating Luis's bunk, you'll find his mom (Zena). Don't report Zena her to your sergeants in security.
  
• When talking with Leona in the art center about what art shoul do to the system, reply "to challange it".
  
• At the beggining of the second act, the first time you'll return to the hospital, Leona will be there asking painkillers for her dog. Accept her request.
  
• Immediatly after, while talking to Elliot, reply "Who knows".
  
• When you'll recive Paul's message about meeting in the lab, go directly there.
  
• When you'll find about dr. Yaha faking painkillers prescription to help Asher reply the former "Let's forget about the pills" and the latter "Let's change the system"
  
• Refuse to arrest navigator Joseph at near the end of second act.
  
• In general, defy the captain order and try to convince her (for example at the begging of the last act, tell her to "Address the crowd")
  
• Fail all cases, the ending it's not important.

These are achievements you'll get solving a number of case or a specific one.
For the solutions you can check Maximon's guide here
https://gtm.steamproxy.vip/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=3208904713
So Far, So Good
Have a good start at the new job.
Solve one case AFTER the first case.

On a Roll
Continue your streak.
Solve almost every case.

Stellar Performance
Solve all cases correctly.
Self explanatory.

False Idol
Discover William's dark secret.
Solve "The Setup" case. To unlock this case, the first time you'll speak to navigator Orland you have to accept his request to reopen the case who found him guilty 20 years before.

Selfish Altruism
Find the hacker.
Pretty explanatory, solve the last case, "The Hacker".

All other achievements that require specific action or are not strictly related to solving a case.

Yes We Scan
Put that suit to use.
Spam the scan a bunch of time. You'll probably get it anyway searching for clues.

The Runaway
If you love them, set them free.
In the second act, when you'll find Ava in your bunk for the first time, you will move to the Bridge and outside the Navigation room you will first encounter Chi Chi. Then you shold try to find him again through the ship (you'll receive various message with clues to where is). I think these are all the places:

• Bridge, outside Navigation room.
  
• Command area inner hull A
  
• After command area follow right all the way to the hospital
  
• Psychiatric ward
  
• Farm
  
• Outside server room

Plan B
Discover the truth about your new destination.
You can get this achievement in two ways.

1) Agree to arrest navigator Joseph at near the end of second act. Tayla will tell you the secret.
2) Refuse to arrest navigator Joseph at near the end of second act. Then speak to his daughter Noelia about Tayla's secret and after a scene she will revealed it to you.

Alive And... Well?
Dodge the trap.
When you'll recive Paul's message about meeting in the lab, go at the second floor of command centre (under your bunk) and you'll find him, discovering that the message is fake.

The Others
Discover your unplanned obsolescence.
Mutually exclusive with Breaking Bread.
Before solving the last case, go speak to Curtis in the Psychiatric ward. You have to present him a series of evidence to have him speak. I'll leave here in spoiler if you want to solve it for yourself:

Network Access Point
Broken Door
PDA Network Terminal
At the end of the dialogue, choose to NOT forgive him.

Break Bread
Make up with the enemy.
Mutually exclusive with The Others. Choose to forgive Curtis at the end of the dialogue.

Et Tu Brute
Find the rebels' leader.
Find the server PIN. Obviously you should first find the server in the namesake case, then you have to find the PIN. You'll have a clue for each rebel you'll capture solving a case or else (Geraldo, Oceane and Michio). You can also brute force the code just with two clues.

Always One Step Ahead
Those rebels got nothing on you.
You'll get it automatically if you first get Alive And... Well? and just after Et Tu Brute achievement.

Explorer
Visit all places on the ship.
Very easy to get, but pretty missable beacause there are some places you'll not need to go to finish the game. These are:

• Reproduction Ward. Nothing related to any case, just dialogue.
  
• Farm. You'll not get here if don't agree to reopen Orland's case.
  
• Maintenance Room. You cannot enter if you do not solve correctly "The Server" case.

Damage Control
Keep the casualties to a minimum.
As far as I know, there are only two possible casualites: Michio and Tayla. You can "save" Michio getting Alive And... Well? achievement, and don't get Tayla shot if you solve all cases or at least the majority of them.

In the endgame, there are a couple choice for these achievement.
If you get the majority of case solved, you can choose to make a vote for the ship's destination or just decide to yourself. You'll get one of these two mutually exclusive achievement.

The Democrat
Hear the voice of the people.


The Despot
Decide that you know better.


After that, you'll get one of those two achievement depending which information you have share with the people, or just decide yourself if you choose not to make a vote.

For Our Own Sake
Abandon the Mission.


For Earth
Fulfill the Mission.