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Eurasia Animal Pack Animals Guide

By ggeorlett1

A guide to all the animals in the DLC Pack (7 Habitat Animals + 1 Exhibit Animal = 8 Animals Altogether)
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ggeorlett1
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Category: Walkthroughs

Posted

Updated

8 Oct, 2024 @ 9:30am

21 Jul @ 5:28pm

19	Unique Visitors
0	Current Favorites

Guide Index

Overview

Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni)

Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)

Saiga (Saiga tatarica)

Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus)

Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)

Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Wisent (Bison bonasus)

Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Comments

Hermann's Tortoise (Testudo hermanni)

Taxonomy

Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Family: Testudinidae
Genus: Testudo hermanni

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
Hermann’s tortoise (or Testudo hermanni) is a small species of tortoise that is found throughout the coastal forests of the Mediterranean. The carapace is patterned in yellow and black and varies based on the subspecies and by individual. The Eastern subspecies is much larger than the Western, reaching sizes of up to 28cm long, compared to 18cm long. Females are generally larger than males in this species. Depending on their size, Hermann’s tortoises can weigh between 2kg and 4kg.

The number of Hermann’s tortoises in the wild have declined due to habitat loss through construction, wildfires, and herbicides, as well as poaching for the pet trade. Therefore, they are considered a Near Threatened species. Road construction separates tortoise populations and reduces mating opportunities and genetic exchange. Because Hermann’s tortoises take so many years to mature, they are particularly vulnerable to this as they are often killed before having reproduced at all. Captive breeding and reintroduction schemes are in place to help increase the numbers of wild tortoises.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Exhibit

Origins

Continent: Europe
Regions: Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Serbia, Romania, North Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey
ICUN Status: Vulnerable

Exhibit

Temperature: 77-95°F
Humidity: 50-60%
Biomes: Grassland, Temperate

Social

Hermann’s tortoises only spend time together to mate, but tolerate nearby individuals provided there is enough space and food available.
Group Size: 1‒16

Reproduction

During the breeding season in February, when Hermann’s tortoises have emerged from hibernation, males vocalise with high-pitched calls. Females locate and select a mate based on these vocalisations. Both males and females will mate with multiple partners over the course of the mating period, males encountering rival males may engage in aggressive behaviour such as ramming contests, to monopolise a mating site. In order to mate, a male bites an approaching female’s leg to get her into the correct position before mounting her.

90 days following a successful mating event, the female digs a shallow hole and lays her eggs into it. Each clutch is made up of between 2 to 12 eggs, and up to four clutches may be laid per breeding season. After laying, she covers the eggs with dirt and leaves, providing no parental care. Roughly 75% of the eggs hatch after incubating in the nest for a further 90 day period, at the beginning of autumn. The sex of the hatchlings is determined by the temperature of the egg, producing only males at a temperature of 26°C, and only females at 30°C.

For the first 5 years of their lives, Hermann’s tortoises remain close to their natal site while their shell fully develops and hardens. They are fully grown at 10 years old, but only reach sexual maturity at an age of 12 years old.
Difficulty: Easy (Promiscuous)
Maturity: 12 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 3 months
Interbirth: 12 months

Food

Root vegetables, herbs, and flowers

Exhibit Enrichments

Rock Pile (Large, Medium, Small)
Basking Lamp (High, Mid-Height, Low)
Hollow Log (Broken, Narrow)
Fallen Tree

Zoopedia Fun Facts

Hermann’s tortoises hibernate for 6 to 12 weeks a year.
The shell of Hermann’s tortoise is made up of 60 interconnecting bones.
The exact life expectancy of Hermann’s tortoise is unknown, but is thought to be up to 120 years.
Hermann’s tortoises are the slowest growing tortoise species.
Before their shell hardens, young Hermann’s tortoises are vulnerable to predation from magpies, wild boars, foxes, and hedgehogs.

Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)

Taxonomy

Class: Aves
Order: Anseriformes
Family: Anatidae
Genus: Cygnus

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
The mute swan (or Cygnus olor) is a large waterfowl that lives throughout Europe and Asia, with invasive populations in North America and Japan. It is white, with black feet and an orange-red bill, and black markings around the nostrils, eyes, as well as the edge and tip of the bill. A leucistic morph can occur, which is almost indistinguishable in adults, where the legs have a pink color instead of black. Juvenile swans are normally grey, but have a white plumage if exhibiting leucism. Mute swans have a distinctive black basal knob on the root of the beak between the eyes. This knob is generally larger in males, but varies widely based on the individual, environment, and time of the year, growing larger in breeding males and females during the mating season. Males are typically 1.4m to 1.7m long, have a wingspan between 2m and 2.4m, and weigh 9.2kg to 14.3kg. Female mute swans are slightly smaller at 1.25m to 1.55m long, with a wingspan of 1.8m to 2.16m and a weight of 7.6kg to 10.6kg

As a species of Least Concern, the mute swan is not endangered. The species is widespread across the world, inhabiting temperate regions. They are often used as decorative fowl in parks and gardens, and escapees of such settings have established a naturalized population in the United States. They are protected across most of their range, and despite poaching, their population numbers are still increasing overall.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Europe, Asia
Regions: All of temperate mainland Eurasia
ICUN Status: Least Concern

Habitat

Fence Grade: 1> 4.1ft
Land Area: 3229ft
Water Area: 1615ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: 23-93°F
Biomes: Aquatic, Temperate
Can Guests Enter Habitat: Yes
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Confident

Social

Mute swans live in monogamous pairs and may congregate with others in large groups during migrations. Some pairs may also be territorial and reject other swans on their territory. Juveniles who have not yet reached sexual maturity will live together in flocks until they form a breeding pair with another individual.
Group Size: 2‒50 (up to 25 males, up to 25 females)
Male Bachelor: 2‒50
Female Bachelor: 2‒50

Reproduction

During the mating season in spring, unattached swans attempt to pair with each other. A male and female will approach each other and engage in courtship displays, which may involve wing fluffing, head dipping and preening. If the couple is compatible, they sync up their movements into a dance, which forms a bond between them. A young male and female may spend a breeding season together without mating and not breeding until the next year. Mating takes place partially submerged in the water, and is preceded by further displays between the pair, such as resting their heads on each other’s backs and intertwining the necks.

The pair builds a nest out of vegetation, or chooses a different nest site. The nest mound is large and raised, with a dip in the middle to protect the eggs. Approximately one month after mating, the female lays 5 to 12 eggs, usually between 5 and 7. Male and female take turns to incubate the eggs, which will hatch roughly 5 weeks later. Soon after hatching, the chicks will leave the nest to accompany one of their parents. The spend 60 days together, until the chicks fledge. They are then driven away by their parents, and form groups with other non-breeding swans, usually 2 years of age or younger. They remain closely associated with swans of similar age until they attempt to find a mate.

Mute swans reach sexual maturity at 3 years old. They are serially monogamous, meaning they have a different committed partner each breeding season, or stay with the same partner for several seasons. Occasionally, there may be extra-pair matings resulting in some chicks by the same dam having different fathers.
Difficulty: Very Easy (Monogamous)
Maturity: 3 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 1 month
Interbirth: 12 months

Food

Tier 1: Bird Pellets
Tier 2: Seeds
Tier 3: Root Vegetables

Feeding Stations

Food Bowl
Water Bowl
Water Pipe
Water Trough

Food Enrichment

Forage Pool
Slow Feeder
Fruit Spike Tree

Habitat Enrichment

Mirror Mobile
Water Pool
Water Jet (Water Jet Rock)
Curio Ball

Compatible Animals

European Fallow Deer
Red Deer
Wild Boar
Wisent

Zoopidia Fun Facts

Although mute swans are monogamous, they do not always mate for life and may have several partners in their lifetime.
Mute swans are the heaviest flighted birds. A particularly large male, weighing 50.7lb, was the largest flying bird ever recorded.
Mute swans are highly intelligent and have been known to bear grudges.
Mute swans have been introduced to North America as ornamental birds for ponds. The temperate climate, similar to that in Eurasia, meant escaped birds could comfortably survive in the wild.
In English, the typical coloration of the mute swan is referred to as a ‘Royal’ swan, while the leucistic morph is known as a ‘Polish’ swan.

Saiga (Saiga tatarica)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Genus: Saiga

General

Population in the Wild: 922,600 - 988,500
The saiga antelope (or Saiga tatarica) is a bovid living on the steppes and grasslands of Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. It is tan in color, with a pale underside, and has large eyes and rounded ears. The distinctive large nose has broad, mobile nostrils, which is larger in males. Males are also generally built larger and heavier than females, and carry upright, pale, and slightly translucent horns, which are 28cm to 38cm long. They stand 67cm to 81cm tall at the shoulder, are 1.1m to 1.4m long and weigh between 26kg and 69kg. Females are 61cm to 74cm tall, 1m to 1.28m long, and weigh 26kg to 45kg.

The saiga is considered Critically Endangered. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, their numbers decreased due to poaching for their meat and horns, for use in traditional medicine. They also experienced several population crashes, caused by factors such as habitat loss, their migratory routes being interrupted due to human development, the spread of lethal zoonotic diseases, and climate change (harsher winters leading to limited food availability, and hotter summers leading to better conditions for harmful bacteria to thrive). In the nineties, their numbers have been reduced to 40,000, from previously millions of individuals. Conservation efforts to reduce poaching and prevent the spread of diseases have helped increase their numbers again; however, the genetic diversity of wild saiga is much decreased.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Asia
Regions: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Russia
ICUN Status: Near Threatened

Habitat

Fence Grade: 2> 4.1ft
Land Area: 4575ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: 14-109°F
Biomes: Desert, Grassland
Can Guests Enter Habitat: Yes
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Shy

Social

Saiga antelopes live in mixed herds, comprised of interrelated groups of females and their offspring, and solitary males. During breeding season, a male gathers a harem of 5 to 10 females and their offspring.
Group Size: 4‒11 (up to 1 male, up to 10 females)
Male Bachelor: 4‒11
Female Bachelor: 4‒11

Reproduction

During the breeding season, mature male saiga antelopes attempt to herd sexually mature females into their harem, mounting and copulating with them when they are receptive. They guard their harem fiercely and are extremely aggressive towards rival males, even killing each other during fights. Towards the end of the breeding season, males will be very weak, as they spend all their time defending their harem without eating. Following the mating event, a female is pregnant for 5 months. 60% of births are twins, otherwise a single calf is born. Calves nurse from their mothers for 4 to 8 days, then they begin grazing, in addition to feeding on milk. They are fully weaned at 4 months old and become independent of their mothers at 7 months old, at which point they will join an unrelated harem or herd.

Males under 2 years old remain in herds outside of the breeding season, and are otherwise solitary, until they are strong enough to gather and defend their own harem. Females reach sexual maturity at 7 months old, but males rarely mate successfully before they are 2 years old.
Difficulty: Average (Polygynous)
Maturity: 2 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 5 months
Interbirth: 12 months

Food

Tier 1: Hay
Tier 2: Herbivore Pellets
Tier 3: Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

Feeding Stations

Food Trough
Water Pipe
Water Trough
Water Bowl

Food Enrichment

Small Barrel Feeder
Grazing Ball Feeder
Hanging Grazer Feeder
Scarecrow Feeder

Habitat Enrichment

Grab Ball
Herb Scent Marker
Rubbing Pillar
Scratching Tree (Scots Pine & Tamarind)

Compatible Animals
None

Zoopidia Fun Facts

The saiga antelope can run up to 50mph.
The saiga antelope migrates over 600 miles between summer and winter.
The saiga antelope’s nose is thought to be adapted to filter out dust in the hot summers.
Saiga antelope are often predated by wolves, and their calves are often killed by foxes, dogs, and eagles.
When trading rhino horns became illegal, saiga antelope horns became more in demand and were often used as a rhino horn substitute in traditional medicine. This was even actively encouraged by rhino conservationists.

Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Melursus

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
Living in the tropical rainforests and grasslands of India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Nepal, the sloth bear (or Melursus ursinus) is a medium-sized bear. It has shaggy, black fur, a light grey muzzle, and a distinctive grey-white crescent marking across its upper chest. The head is broad, with an oblong snout and hairy, tufted ears. Males and females look alike, but males are 10% to 20% larger than females, measuring between 1.4m and 1.9m long, 60cm to 90cm tall at the shoulder, and weighing 80kg to 145kg.

Sloth bears are considered a Vulnerable species. They are mainly threatened by habitat destruction through deforestation and agricultural land conversion. They are also indirectly threatened by the removal of termite mounds, which are a key food source for them. Additionally, sloth bears are killed by poachers for their body parts which are sought after for traditional medicine and they are at risk of being captured and put into ‘dancing bear’ shows. Conservation efforts include protecting areas of their range, seizing captive bears, and educating the communities who live alongside the bears about their natural history and how to coexist effectively with them.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Asia
Regions: India, Nepal, Bhutan
ICUN Status: Vulnurable

Habitat

Fence Grade: 4 Climb Proof> 9.9ft
Land Area: 9149ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 431ft
Temperature: 25-108°F
Biomes: Grassland, Temperate, Tropical
Can Guests Enter Habitat: No
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Neutral

Social

Sloth bears are solitary, with the exception of a mother with her cubs. They only interact to mate.
Group Size: 1‒2 (up to 1 male, up to 1 female)
Male Bachelor: 1‒2
Female Bachelor: 1

Reproduction

Sloth bears’ reproductive season varies based on their location. The Indian population mate between April and June, while sloth bears in Sri Lanka breed year round. When a male and female meet, they vocalize loudly prior and during copulation, then go their separate ways again. Ovulation is induced by mating. Males encountering rivals respond aggressively to each other.

A pregnancy lasts 6 to 7 months, after which the mother gives birth to a litter of 1 to 3 cubs in a cave or den. The cubs are blind for the first 3 weeks of their life, and remain in the den for up to 2 months. After this point, they spend increasing amounts of time outside of the den with their mother, often riding on her back. They remain with their mother for up to 2 years, during which time she won’t get pregnant again. Weaning is complete by 18 months old.

Sloth bear cubs reach sexual maturity between 2 and 3 years old, but are unlikely to reproduce successfully for the first time until they are 7 or 8 years old.
Difficulty: Average (Promiscuous)
Maturity: 3 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 6 months
Interbirth: 24 months

Food

Tier 1: Leaves, Nuts and Meat
Tier 2: Fruit and Vegetables
Tier 3: Insects

Feeding Stations

Food Tray
Water Bowl
Water Pipe
Water Trough

Food Enrichment

Tree Scatter Feeder
Block of Frozen Fruit
Tree Forager
Bamboo Feeder
Block of Frozen Fish
Foraging Wall

Habitat Enrichment

Block of Ice
Bobbin (Bobbin Drum)
Cardboard Box (Gift Box)
Firehose Ball
Herb Scent Marker
Prey-Scented Sack
Scratching Tree (Scots Pine & Tamarind)
Small Tyre
Large Ball (Large Snow Ball)
Water Pool

Compatible Animals
None

Zoopidia Fun Facts

The crest on a sloth bear’s chest is thought to be used as a threat display to deter tiger attacks.
After a mother sloth bear gives birth to her cubs, she will not leave her den for 3 to 8 weeks.
Sloth bears have been known to fight off tigers and cause serious injuries with their claws.
Sloth bears are able to completely close their nostrils, which protects them from dust or when raiding bee hives or termite nests.
Unlike other bears, sloth bears have no front teeth as an adaptation for sucking up insects.

Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Genus: Budorcas

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
The takin (or Budorcas taxicolor) is a large goat-antelope living in the montane regions of Tibet, Bhutan, Northern India, Myanmar, and China. Takins have a stocky, cow-like build and are covered in shaggy fur. There are four subspecies of the takin, which vary in coat coloration and size. Legs are often darkened, to nearly black, while the overall coloration ranges from marbled black-brown to grey-yellow to golden. Males are larger than females, but both sexes have horns that measure up to 64cm in length. Male takins are 1.6m to 2.2m long and 97cm to 140cm tall at the shoulder, with a weight between 300kg and 350kg. Females are 1.6m to 1.95m long, 95cm to 125cm tall at the shoulder, and weigh 240kg to 280kg.

The takin is considered a Vulnerable species, with two of its subspecies, the Bhutan and Mishmi takins, even listed as Endangered. It is under threat due to overhunting, habitat loss through deforestation, road building and agricultural development, disturbances through tourism venture, and diseases spread by domestic livestock. The takin is a protected species in Bhutan, India and China, the latter containing 14 nature reserves protecting the species and its habitat.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Asia
Regions: Bhutan, India, Myanmar, China
ICUN Status: Vulnerable

Habitat

Fence Grade: 3> 4.1ft
Land Area: 4198ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: ♥♥♥♥♥°F
Biomes: Taiga, Temperate
Can Guests Enter Habitat: No
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Neutral

Social

During most of the year, takin live in mixed family groups with males moving between them, though males may also live more solitarily. During summer, many of these groups will join up to form herds of up to 300 individuals.
Group Size: 2‒20 (up to 1 male, up to 19 females)
Male Bachelor: 2‒5
Female Bachelor: 2‒20

Reproduction

In the breeding season, taking place in late summer, male takins attempt to gather groups of females and defend them against rival males. They engage in mating display behavior such as vocalizing, head tossing, and scent marking. Rivals are met with aggression, sometimes resulting in fights including head butting and horn clashing. To check if females in his harem are fertile, the male will sample their urine, and mate multiple times with those who are receptive.

Takins are pregnant for 200 to 220 days. When she is ready to give birth, a female will move to an area of denser vegetation to have her calf. For the first week of its life, the calf exclusively nurses from its mother, then begins eating young shoots and grasses. By 2 months old, it is fully weaned.

Calves reach sexual maturity at 2.5 years old. Females stay with their natal group, whereas males leave to join a bachelor herd made up of other young males. Females are likely to successfully reproduce at 4.5 years old, and males at 5.5 years old.
Difficulty: Easy (Polygynous)
Maturity: 2.5 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 7 months
Interbirth: 12 months

Food

Tier 1: Hay
Tier 2: Herbivore Pellets
Tier 3: High Fiber Biscuits and Salt Licks

Feeding Stations

Food Trough
Water Pipe
Water Trough
Water Bowl

Food Enrichment

Grazing Ball Feeder
Small Barrel Feeder
Hanging Grazer Feeder
Scarecrow Feeder
Melon Feeder
Veggie Jelly Cake

Habitat Enrichment

Grab Ball
Herb Scent Marker
Rubbing Pillar
Scratching Tree (Scots Pine & Tamarind)

Compatible Animals

Markhor
Père David's Deer

Zoopidia Fun Facts

Takin can live at altitudes of up to 15000ft.
The takin is the national animal of Bhutan.
The takin is a slow runner but an excellent climber, an adaptation to its montane environment.
Takins have multiple vocalizations that they use for different purposes, such as a ‘cough’ to warn the herd of danger, a ‘trill’ to communicate with calves, and a ‘roar’ when fearful.
There are four subspecies of takin: the Sichuan takin, Bhutan takin, golden takin, and the Mishmi takin.

Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Genus: Sus

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
The wild boar (or Sus scrofa), also known as the Eurasian wild pig, is a pig native throughout the temperate regions of Eurasia, as well as Mediterranean Northern Africa, Asian deserts and shrublands, and tropical rainforests and grasslands of Southeast Asia. It has also been introduced to North and South America and Oceania. Due to its wide distribution and adaptability, there are 16 recognised subspecies of the wild boar, varying greatly in appearance. The largest wild boars live in Central and Eastern Europe. Their coat is made up of dark brown, coarse bristles, which form into a mane on the male’s neck. Wild boars have a large head which reaches up to a third of their body length, and, together with their powerful neck muscles, makes them adept at digging even into frozen ground. The species is sexually dimorphic, with males being larger and heavier than females. Males can reach a size of 85cm to 100cm tall at the shoulder and 1.45m to 1.75m long, and a weight of 75kg to 130kg. Females grow to be 75cm to 90cm tall at the shoulder, 1.3m to 1.57m in length, and weigh between 60kg and 90kg.

Wild boars are extremely widespread and populous, and therefore listed as a species of Least Concern. Due to overhunting, they had become extinct in Great Britain in the High Middle Ages, but small breeding populations were reintroduced to Southern England in the 1980s. They have also been introduced to North America for hunting purposes, and escapees of these groups have established invasive populations of feral wild boar and domestic pig hybrids. In South America, wild boars were imported for breeding purposes, with intentional releases and escapes resulting in invasive populations being established in Brazil. In its native range, the wild boar is hunted for meat and represent a keystone of their habitat’s ecosystems. However, in the Americas, measures are in place to manage the invasive populations to protect native wildlife.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Europe, Asia, Africa
Regions: Temperate, tropical, Mediterranean regions as well as grasslands ataige in Eurasia and Western North Africa
ICUN Status: Least Concern

Habitat

Fence Grade: 3> 4.1ft
Land Area: 3337ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: 25-109°F
Biomes: Temperate, Grassland, Desert, Taiga, Tropical
Can Guests Enter Habitat: No
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Confident

Social

Female wild boars live in sounders led by an old matriarch, consisting of non-breeding females and mothers with their offspring. Adult males are solitary for most of the year, joining sounders only during the breeding season. Young and sub adult males live in bachelor groups.
Group Size: 3‒30 (up to 1 male, up to 29 females)
Male Bachelor: 3‒9
Female Bachelor: 3‒30

Reproduction

The breeding season in wild boars lasts from November to January. During this time, males develop subcutaneous padding to protect their organs during fights with rivals. A male who has located a sounder of females will chase off young and infertile sows and herd any female in oestrus. Any rival male interfering with this chase is fought aggressively. If he is successful with herding the group, he mates with any fertile female, typically 5 to 10 per breeding season, and then leaves the sounder again.

Sows are pregnant for 108 to 120 days. Towards the end of the pregnancy, a sow constructs a nest made of grass, into which she gives birth to a litter of 4 to 6 piglets on average, although litters of up to 12 have been recorded. She remains in the nest for 10 days, allowing her offspring to suckle. After this period, they leave the nest together, with the piglets remaining close to their mother in the sounder. Male piglets leave the sounder between 8 and 15 months old and form bachelor groups with other young males, while female piglets either remain with their natal sounder, or split off to establish a new group elsewhere.

Wild boars reach sexual maturity at 1 year old, though females are unlikely to reproduce until they are at least 18 months old, and males may only successfully reproduce until they are at least 4 years old and strong enough to chase and defend a sounder from other males. Both female and male wild boards keep growing until they are 5 to 6 years old.
Difficulty: Very Easy (Polygynous)
Maturity: 1 year
Sterility: 12 years
Gestation/Incubation: 3 months
Interbirth: 12 months

Food

Tier 1: Hay
Tier 2: Fruit, Leaves and Shoots
Tier 3: Root Vegetables

Feeding Stations

Food Trough
Water Bowl
Water Pipe
Water Trough

Food Enrichment

Large Barrel Feeder
Forage Box
Fruit Spike Tree
Melon Feeder
Veggie Jelly Cake

Habitat Enrichment

Cardboard Box (Gift Box)
Sprinkler
Wind Chimes
Herb Scent Marker
Rubbing Pillar
Mud Bath
Scratching Tree (Scots Pine & Tamarind)

Compatible Animals

European Fallow Deer
Mute Swan
Red Deer
Wisent

Zoopidia Fun Facts

If a wild boar mother dies before her piglets are mature, her offspring is adopted by other sows of her sounder.
Wild boars can smell edible roots and tubers buried in 10in of soil.
Wild boar hair used to be used for toothbrush bristles.
The wild boar’s main predator is the timber wolf.
The wild boar has poor eyesight but compensates with its excellent sense of smell and hearing.

Wisent (Bison bonasus)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Genus: Bison

General

Population in the Wild:
The wisent (or Bison bonasus), also commonly referred to as the European bison, is a large ungulate living in the forests and meadows of Poland, Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Slovakia, in Eastern Europe. Wisents are characterized by their large head, shoulder hump and forequarters, all of which are covered in a brown, shaggy coat. The hindquarters are less bulky and are covered in a thinner coat. Both males and females have curled horns that point inwards towards the head and look otherwise alike, though males are larger by about 5%. Bulls grow 1.8m to 2.1m tall at the shoulder, 2.8m to 3.3m long, and weigh 615kg to 920kg. Cows are 1.7m to 2m tall at the shoulder, reach a length between 2.4m to 2.9m and a weight of 425kg to 635kg.

Today, the wisent is considered a Near Threatened species. By the early 20th century, wisents were driven to extinction in the wild due to overhunting and habitat loss. Only 60 individuals remained in captive or managed groups. Consequently, the species was offered widespread protection, and, through captive breeding and reintroduction programs, the wisent was saved from disappearing completely. Deforestation and habitat loss though agricultural development, as well as inbreeding depression and hybridization with domestic cattle, still threaten the species today. Carefully managed populations of wisents have been successfully reintroduced in many areas of Europe, with further reintroductions planned.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Europe
Regions: Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia
ICUN Status: Near Threatened

Habitat

Fence Grade: 3> 4.1ft
Land Area: 4521ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: 19-100°F
Biomes: Grassland, Taiga, Temperate
Can Guests Enter Habitat: No
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Neutral

Social

Wisents live in mixed herds of females and their offspring, including sub adult males. Mature males live together in pairs or trios, except for breeding periods, where they fight each other for access to a group of females. Mixed herds often come together to exchange individuals, so they do not live in exclusive familial units.
Group Size: 2‒13 (up to 1 male, up to 12 females)
Male Bachelor: 2‒4
Female Bachelor: 2‒13

Reproduction

In the mating season, taking place from August to October, dominant bulls, usually 6 years or older, attempt to join a group of females and defend them from rival males. Younger bulls will also join female groups, but are usually prevented from mating by the older male. If another mature bull approaches the herd, the two engage in a fight for their position. The bull assesses his female’s receptiveness to mating by sampling their urine. He will separate a female approaching oestrus from the group and guard her closely. When she is fertile, he will mount her to mate.

Wisent cows are pregnant for 254 to 277 days, and give birth to a single calf. To deliver the calf, she leaves the herd for a few days, then returns with the infant. Weaning is complete when the calf is 14 months old.

Female wisents reach sexual maturity at 3 years old, and remain with their mother’s herd. However, herds may exchange members when they meet, so herds aren’t exclusively family groups. Males become sexually mature at 2 years old and leave their natal group to join a bachelor herd, though they are unlikely to successfully mate until they are around 6 years old. At this point, they separate from their bachelor group and become solitary satellites hanging around the fringes of mixed groups until the next breeding season.
Difficulty: Easy (Polygynous)
Maturity: 3 years
Sterility: 20 years
Gestation/Incubation: 9 months
Interbirth: 24 months

Food

Tier 1: Hay
Tier 2: Herbivore Pellets
Tier 3: Fruit and Salt Licks

Feeding Stations

Food Trough
Water Pipe
Water Trough
Water Bowl

Food Enrichment

Large Barrel Feeder
Grazing Ball Feeder
Hanging Grazer Feeder
Scarecrow Feeder
Melon Feeder
Veggie Jelly Cake

Habitat Enrichment

Block of Ice
Grab Ball
Herb Scent Marker
Large Ball (Large Snow Ball)
Mud Bath
Rubbing Pillar
Scratching Tree (Scots Pine & Tamarind)
Skittle (Snowman Skittle)

Compatible Animals

European Fallow Deer
Mute Swan
Red Deer
Wild Boar

Zoopidia Fun Facts

In Poland, the wisent is known as the zubr and is the national animal of the county.
During summer, an adult male wisent may eat up to 77lb of food in a day.
The wisent used to be heavily hunted for its hide, meat, and horns which were used to make drinking horns.
There used to be 3 subspecies of the wisent, two of which are fully extinct now: the Carpathian wisent (B. b. hungarorum), native to Moldova, Romania, Hungary, and Ukraine, and the Caucasian wisent (B. b. caucasicus), native to the Caucasus Mountains in Georgia, Russia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia. The type species (B. b. bonasus) is the wisent we know today and the only subspecies to recover from extinction.
The wisent is the heaviest terrestrial mammal in Europe, with bulls occasionally weighing over 2200lb. The record weight attained by a wisent is 4188lb, though generally this species is lighter than their American relatives.

Wolverine (Gulo gulo)

Taxonomy

Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Genus: Gula

General

Population in the Wild: Unknown
A large mustelid, the wolverine (or Gulo gulo) is native to the tundras and taigas of Northern Eurasia and North America. It has a stocky build with sturdy legs, a curved back, bear-like face, and small, rounded ears. It has thick brown-black fur with a yellow-white streak that runs from the head down each side of the body, rejoining at the tail. Wolverines grow between 65cm to 113cm long, 36cm to 45cm tall at the shoulder, and weigh between 9kg and 30kg. Males are slightly larger and significantly heavier than females.

The wolverine is considered a species of Least Concern due to its widespread range and low population density, although its numbers are declining overall due to hunting and habitat loss. However, the European population has declined so significantly, it is considered Vulnerable.

Gameplay

Interactivity: Full

Origins

Continent: Europe, Asia, North America
Regions: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, Canada, USA
ICUN Status: Least Concern

Habitat

Fence Grade: 3 Climb Proof> 9.9ft
Land Area: 6178ft
Water Area: 0ft
Climbing Area: 0ft
Temperature: 9-82°F
Biomes: Tundra, Taiga
Can Guests Enter Habitat: No
Can Guests Interact: No
Relations With Humans: Neutral

Social

Wolverines are solitary animals and live alone except for mothers with their kits.
Group Size: 1‒2 (up to 1 male, up to 1 female)
Male Bachelor: 1‒2
Female Bachelor: 1‒2

Reproduction

Wolverines are territorial animals. Males have large home ranges, and several females may live within a male’s territory. He will visit these females intermittently and even form lifetime relationships with them. A female only comes into heat every 2 years, between June and August. The male detects if a female’s fertile period is approaching by scent, and will spend time near her until she initiates copulation with him. Ovulation is induced by mating, and the embryo does not implant for up to 6 months after mating. If a female’s home range is within multiple male’s territories, she may mate with several of them, although litters usually only have one father.

Including the delayed implantation period, a wolverine’s pregnancy can last between 120 and 272 days. Towards the end of her pregnancy, the female builds a snow den and stashes food there. After giving birth to a litter of 1 to 5 kits, 3 on average, she keeps her offspring inside the den for 9 to 10 weeks, where they nurse from her and eat from the food she has cached in the nest. The territorial male – their father – may make visits to them while they are in the den. After this period, the kits begin accompanying their mother on trips outside the den. They are fully weaned by 3 months old. Between 5 to 7 months old, kits begin foraging alone and then leave their mother to become fully independent. Some may travel with their fathers for a while, before eventually settling into a territory of their own.

Wolverines reach sexual maturity at 2 to 3 years old.
Difficulty: Difficult (Polygynous)
Maturity: 2 years
Sterility: Death
Gestation/Incubation: 5 months
Interbirth: 24 months

Food

Tier 1: Processed Meat
Tier 2: Whole Carcass and Bones
Tier 3: Calcium Supplement

Feeding Stations

Food Tray
Water Bowl
Water Pipe
Water Trough

Food Enrichment

Bamboo Feeder
Piñata Zebra (Piñata Pronghorn)
Frozen Blood Pumpkin
Skittle Feeder
Dog Ball

Habitat Enrichment

Blood Scent Marker
Rubbing Pad (Rubbing Pad Bark)
Tug Rope
Curio Ball
Small Ball (Small Ice Ball, Small Ball Colorful, Small Ball Pumpkin)
Rubber Duck
Cardboard Box (Gift Box)
Prey-Scented Sack

Compatible Animals
None

Zoopidia Fun Facts

The wolverine’s Latin name is Gulo gulo, which means ‘glutton’.
The wolverine has an excellent sense of smell and can detect food through 20ft of snow cover.
Wolverines have a very strong bite that can crush bones.
Wolverines have been known to drive off wolves and grizzly bears when protecting their food or kits.
Wolverines have large, specially adapted feet that allow them to run across the snow at high speeds.