So, you are here because you encounter a problem where the game crashes without an error message when you try to launch it on the latest OS versions (Windows 10 / Windows 11) and modern multi-core processors.
We have 2 options to solve the problem:

• Modify the executive file with a fix (a quick and simple solution, but it conflicts with mods and translations).
  
• Using additional software (Process Lasso) block part of the kernels, because the old game simply cannot work with so many processor cores.

Modify the executive file with the Startup Crash Fix from the Nexus Mods resource.
Attention: the solution may conflict with mods and translations.
Here's a quick guide:

1. Download the archive with the fix from the link: Startup Crash Fix[www.nexusmods.com]
2. Open the downloaded archive with the fix.
3. Open the root folder with the game and make a backup copy of the file dxhrdc.exe
4. Replace the executive file dxhrdc.exe with the file dxhrdc.exe from the downloaded archive with the fix.
Agree to replace the file. If the system "complains" and does not allow you to replace the file, close Steam.
5. Everything is done, you can launch Deus Ex: Human Revolution.

Worked - wonderful, no - restore the backup dxhrdc.exe and move on to solution 2

Using software Process Lasso we going to block part of CPU kernels in a few simple steps.
Attention: this solution does NOT conflict with installed mods and translations.
Follow the instructions:

1. Download from the link the latest version of the program suitable for your system: Process Lasso[bitsum.com]
2. Install and run the Process Lasso program.
3. In the top menu of the program select: Options -> CPU -> CPU Affinities...
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4. In the Persistent CPU affinities window that appears, fill the line Process match: with the following data: dxhrdc.exe
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5. In the same window, click the Select button located at the end of the CPU affinity line.
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6. In the Select CPU Affinity window that opens, select the cores you want to use when executing the game process, uncheck the remaining cores.
I left the checks on the 0-7 cores. For me this turned out to be the optimal solution. Check out the screenshot below.
Once selected/deselected, press the OK button.
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7. In the newly appeared Persistent CPU affinities window, click Add rule and then the OK button.
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8. Done. Collapse Process Lasso and run Deus Ex: Human Revolution.
Next time you start the game, Process Lasso must be active on the system. Usually it starts automatically on Windows startup and located in the tray.

Have a good game!