I made this list of all food sources by location.

SAMURAI QUARTER
Kake Udon (Daytime/Nighttime)
Kitsune Udon (Daytime/Nighttime)
Tanuki Udon (Daytime/Nighttime)


MAIN STREET
Kashiwa Mochi (Daytime/Nighttime)
Healing Salve (Daytime/Nighttime)
Snake Oil (Daytime/Nighttime)

Goby Tempura (Daytime)
Squid Tempura (Daytime)
Conger Eel Tempura (Daytime)

Dojo Hotpot (Daytime/Nighttime)
Yanagawa Hotpot (Daytime/Nighttime)

Kake Soba (Handmade) (Daytime/Nighttime)
Soba Platter (Daytime/Nighttime)
Tempura Soba (Daytime/Nighttime)

Sea Bream (Nighttime)
Egg Souffle (Nighttime)
Fine Sake (Nighttime)


COASTAL BYWAY
Tea (Daytime)
Senbei (Daytime)
Dumplings (Daytime)


SHUKUBA
Onigiri (Daytime/Nighttime)
Eggplant (Daytime/Nighttime)
Wasabi (Daytime/Nighttime)

Aihama Special (Daytime/Nighttime)
Ochazuke (Daytime/Nighttime)
Negima Hotpot (Daytime/Nighttime)

Kake Soba (Nighttime)

Sake (Nighttime)
Maguro Sashimi (Nighttime)
Simmered Taro (Nighttime)


BRIDGE
Sweetfish Skewer (Daytime)

(cont. pt 2)

MONZEN
Healing Salve (Daytime/Nighttime)
Stimulant (Daytime/Nighttime)
Turmeric (Daytime/Nighttime)

Karinto (Daytime/Nighttime)
Yokan (Daytime/Nighttime)
Castella (Daytime/Nighttime)

Inarizushi (Daytime/Nighttime)

Dengaku (Daytime)


MINATO
Eggplant (Daytime/Nighttime)
Snake Oil (Daytime/Nighttime)
Toad Ointment (Daytime/Nighttime)

Kohada Sushi (Daytime/Nighttime)
Prawn Sushi (Daytime/Nighttime)
Egg Sushi (Daytime/Nighttime)

Tempura Bowl (Daytime/Nighttime)
Grilled Eel Bowl (Daytime/Nighttime)
Whitebait Bowl (Daytime/Nighttime)

Kake Soba (Nighttime)
Soba Platter (Nighttime)
Tempura Soba (Nighttime)


HARBOR
Onigiri (Daytime/Nighttime)
Stimulant (Daytime/Nighttime)
Turmeric (Daytime/Nighttime)

Conger Eel Sushi (Daytime)
Maguro Sushi (Daytime)
Squid Sushi (Daytime)

Geso Temoura (Daytime)
Prawn Tempura (Daytime)
Smelt Tempura (Daytime)


BACK LANES
Eel Kabayaki (Daytime/Nighttime)


PLEASURE QUARTER
Amakaze (Daytime/Nighttime)


hope this helps!

Hi there, thank you so much for making this list. It's very helpful!
Also I'd like to add the missing ones from this food combinations list:

3. The Original Bream Rice
Sea Bream + Ochazuke
Improvement Effect: 20%

4. Egg over Egg
Egg Souffle + Egg Sushi
Improvement Effect: 30%

5. Whiting's World
Smelt Tempura + Kake Udon
Improvement Effect: 40%

6. Simple Delights
Senbei + Kake Udon
Improvement Effect: 30%

7. Dueling Spirits
Tanuki Udon + Inarizushi
Improvement Effect: 40%

9. Shrimp Lover's Soba
Tempura Soba + Prawn Tempura
Improvement Effect: 35%

12. Fine Fried Feast
Tempura Bowl + Tempura Soba
Improvement Effect: 30%

13. Squid Special
Geso Tempura + Squid Tempura
Improvement Effect: 35%

28. Round'em Up
Simmered Taro + Dumplings
Improvement Effect: 15%

30. Elegant Tea Time
Castella + Tea
Improvement Effect: 30%

32. Crunch Bunch
Karinto + Senbei
Improvement Effect: 30%

34. The Great Invigorator
Yanagawa Hotpot + Smelling Salts
Improvement Effect: 35%

@Fabrizio 感謝提供!!!

生命的可貴
泥鰍鍋+吻仔魚丼
提升效果：30%