Maps and Climate:

Polar: Rocky Mountains (40), Alaska (13), Himalayas (73)

Cold and Sub-polar: Russia (30), Siberia (0), Mongolia (27)

Cold-moderate: British Isles (30), Scandinavia (13), Canada (10), Scotland (35)

Moderate: China (20), Spain (0), Japan (18)

Warm-moderate: Middle Europe (27)

Tropical: Indonesia (20), Florida (21), South America (17), Congo basin (9), South Africa (0), India (14), Carribean (1), Ancestral world (24)

Desert and Savannah: Australia (0), Serengeti (10), Arabic Peninsula (10), Canary Islands (0), Arizona (0), Sahara (0)

Extreme: Moon (0) and Mars (0)

Total rainfall levels vary between maps (given in brackets). You can adjust the temperature range, rainfall and other climate settings in the free play setup options but if you play a map on a mission campaign the default settings will apply.

Plants
Plants and animals require certain temperatures. Plants require both a certain temperature range and rainfall level (Small, Moderate, High). If the plants have too little water, or the wrong temperature they will wither. Clicking on the plant will bring up a menu which describes whether the climate is suitable. A withered plant will return to normal if the temperature or water level is fixed. You can do this by building a snow cannon or heating radiator to fix the temperature and fix the water by buying a gardener or placing the plants within one square of a water source.

Tip- Gardeners will try to make all grass a 'complete full lawn of grass' with sprinklers and keep all plants within their work zone watered. This can be annoying if you have an animal enclosure which needs to be a different kind of grass, or the gardener is watering plants on the far side of the park while your enclosures and gardens wither. To avoid this, keep the work zone limited to places you want to be fully watered or delete surrounding plants you don't want watered and replace surrounding grass with earth or another ground type.

Tip- To keep plants sufficiently watered without a gardener, place them on the square next to a water source. You can create one square wide ditches and line them with plants to get the maximum area. This is very useful in desert environments where you want to keep tropical animals.

Tip- Plants have an attractiveness rating which contributes to the visitors' landscaping requirements. The five star plants are: Oak (Moderate climate), Sequoia (Moderate climate) and Rain tree (Tropical climate). Monkey bread trees (Desert climate) are four stars. If you can breed back extinct plants their attractiveness is also five stars.

Animals
Enclosure requirements:

Correct temperature range:
Animals, like plants, require certain temperatures. You can fix an inappropriate temperature with a snow cannon or heating radiator. If you are playing on hard difficulty, an innapropriate temperature will cause animals to get sick and they will need a vet. If the temperature is not right the animal's status menu will say 'too hot' or 'too cold'.

Ground hardness:
The recommended ground type will be the correct hardness for the animal, although there is a hardness range which is fine for the animal. Any ground type which is within that range will be appropriate. If the ground is wrong the animal's status menu will say 'the ground is too soft/hard'.

Plants:
Most animals need the right kind of plants in or around their enclosure. The recommended plant type will be appropriate, but a similar plant can also satisfy the animal. So a wolf which is recommended to have pine trees in the enclosure will also be satisfied with high pines. An orangutan which is recommended to have date palms will also be satisfied with banana palms. The plants can also be inside or outside the animals' enclosures.

Tip- This means that keeping animals with the same or similar plant requirements next to each other can make it easier to satisfy both, as animals will have their needs met by plants in a neighbouring enclosure.
Hills, Flat land and Water:
The right amount of flat ground, hills and water is also needed to satisfy animals. Flat ground can be covered with plants and a single-square height hill or single-square depth water area will fulful the requirement.
Tip- As well as status messages in the animal's status menu ('Completely happy', 'Needs more plants appropriate to the species' etc) the bars in the enclosure tab will indicate how close the enclosure is to satisfying the animal.
Tip- Animals which do not require a water area may not be able to swim. If an animal which cannot swim gets into water it will become exhausted and can drown. Either keep water outside the enclosure or put it somewhere in a large enclosure where you are not directing those animals to go. This is important if you have two species in the same enclosure where only one can swim.
Tip- If an animal is drowning you can delete or turn off the water pump, raise the ground level or use an animal trapper to move the animal.
Tip- The hills or water area can be in one large area or several smaller areas in the enclosure.
Tip- If an animal cannot climb, it will need a single height hill to walk up to a double height jumping hill. Be careful that animals don't get stuck on very uneven terrain like the 'terraforming random' tool.

Mobility and Feed requirements:

Animals have activity requirements (Swim, Jump, Climb, Swing overhand, Tussle, Scratch) which can be satisfied by enclosure equipment and the enclosure itself.

Swimming requires a water area.
Animals can jump over stones, from a climbing tree or from a two-square high hill.
Animals can climb up two-square high hills or on climbing trees.
Animals can scratch on branches or on trees.
Animals can tussle with boxing equipment or with other animals of their species.
Apes will swing hand over hand on the rope swing or hand swinging device.

Animals' feed requirements are met by placing feed dispensers in the enclosure and having them filled with by an animal keeper. Feed dispensers are the only way to feed meat, fish, plankton, insects, seafood, minerals and pellets. However plant eating animals can either be fed by dispensers or by having the right kind of plants in the enclosure:
All animals need drinking water, provided by a water area or drinking trough. The trough does not need to be maintained by an animal keeper.
Hay can be provided by grass, reeds and flower beds.
Leaves can be provided by most trees and shrubs.
Vegetables can be provided by corn.
Grain can be provided by sunflowers.

Tip- This means that plant eating animals can be fed without an animal keeper, or their feeding needs can be balanced between enclosure and dispensers to keep up with a large number of animals needing food.
Tip- On hard difficulty carnivores can eat meat by killing other animals, and if they do not have enough meat they will break out of their enclosure to try and do this.
Directing animals
Tip- The placement of enclosure equipment, feed dispensers, water areas and hills in the enclosure can be used to direct where animals spend time in the enclosure. This is very useful in making sure that visitors can see the animals.
Tip- Place feed dispensers near the fence where visitors are passing. Place water areas next to the fence, or provide a double-height jumping hill near the area where visitors are passing. Most animals will spend a lot of time around these things and this puts them in easy view of the visitors.
Tip- The part of the enclosure which is far from visitors is a good place to put animal houses, hills and plants.
Tip- If you have two species in an enclosure where only one can swim, put the water area away from other enclosure furniture. Swimming animals should go to the water but the non swimming animals will accidentally walk into it less often.

Visitors

Basic needs:
Hunger - Satisfied by refreshment stand, ice-cream stand, pizza place and restauraunt.
Thirst - Satisfied by drinks stand, vending machine and restauraunt.
Restroom - Place restrooms.
Rest - Place benches beside the path.
Information - Satisfied by information plates, audio information, video information and the information stand.
Visitors will go to a place where they can satify their needs. Visitors are not aware of the entire map, they only 'see' things within a certain range of them. The visitors are not aware of the entire map and are not aware of things out of their range, even if they have walked past it previously. This means that placing visitor services at regular intervals along the path is important to keep visitors happy and stop them backtracking around the same area.

Tip- Leave a one square gap between paths and fences of animal enclosures, to make room for visitor furniture. Visitors do not need to be directly adjacent to an enclosure to see into it.
Animal world:
Visitors have an 'animal types seen' tab. To keep them happy, they will want to see a new animal species every so often as they spend time in the park. Whether they are happy depends on the number of species seen combined with the star rating of the species seen. If they are not satisfied they will have a message saying 'Is that all the animals they have on show here?' and their 'animal world' bar in their environment tab will not be full.
If visitors do not see enough animal species, with the 'is that all the animals they have on display here?' message, for more than a short time their satisfaction curve in their condition tab will drop and they will decide to leave the park. This means that maximising the number of species seen is a way to keep visitors in the park for longer, therefore increasing visitor numbers and spending.
Visitors have a cone of vision, and can only see things in their line of sight. Their view of animals can be blocked by hills and plants, so it is useful to leave a clear area at the front of your enclosure and build jumping hills side-on to the path so they do not block the view. Visitors have unobstructed vision from a bridge, but animals will feel threatened if visitors are directly over them.

Tip- High star rating species will keep visitors happy for longer, however the enclosures of highly rated animals tend to be larger than one or two star species. Using smaller enclosures to fill spaces between larger enclosures and visitor services can be very useful.

Tip- Visitors do not need to see the whole enclosure. As long as some animals are directed to be near the path and visible to visitors, the rest of the enclosure can be out of sight. This can be useful to put part of large enclosures away from the path or put a row of enclosures alongside each other.

Tip- Keeping two or more animal species in the same enclosure can increase the number of species seen. As long as the animals do not feel threatened by each other and have the same requirements for ground hardness and temperature this can work well. Experiment with trying animals together, especially animals from similar climates or with the same suggested ground type. For example: Indian elephants and okapis can live together as long as okapis are not getting into the water. White tigers and tigers can live together, panthers and black panthers can live together.

Tip- Having a bridge pass over an enclosure will ensure that visitors can see the animals inside, even if the animals are on the other side of a large enclosure. The bridge only needs to pass over a single square of the enclosure, and does not need to pass over the middle of the enclosure. Animals can feel threatened if visitors are directly over them, so place bridges somewhere away from your animals.

Landscaping:
Visitors 'Path design' need in their environment tab indicates how attractive the park is to visitors. If the park is not laid out to visitors' liking they will have a status message saying 'The paths could be landscaped nicer'. This will lower their satisfaction curve on their condition tab and they will decide to leave the park. All visitors have the same taste in landscaping.
Footpath layout: Visitors like bridges, either over water areas or between two hills. Visitors also seem to like having paths pass over hills.
Waterfalls: Create a lower area for water and then create a double or more raised hill inside this area. Place a water pump on top of the hill and the water will flow down the hill and fill the lowered area with water. Visitors enjoy waterfalls. The hill needs to be a 9 square shape or the water pump cannot be placed on top, so waterfalls can be hard to fit into small spaces.
Plants: Visitors like to have a complete full lawn of grass next to paths, and their landscaping rating is increased by having any plants within view. Like animals, plants have different star ratings.
Decoration: You can buy decorative items which have various star ratings. Although they can be useful to raise scores, using many of them can be expensive so it is good to allow yourself space to use all elements of landscaping to keep visitors happy.
Tip- If you have an arid location and are struggling to raise landscaping scores, use one square wide water area 'ditches' around the visitor areas and you can place a complete full lawn of grass and plants of any water requirement on the square adjacent to the water.
Tip- Select one visitor when they enter the park and set the camera to follow them in tracking mode. Watch them walk around the park and see where they start showing the 'paths could be landscaped nicer' message. Pause the game and beautify the path around them. If you make a change to the landscaping, the 'path design' bar and satisfaction curve should change a few seconds after you unpause the game. Repeat this until they are satisfied, then continue around your park.

Rubbish/Trash:
Visitors will drop trash occasionally. The amount of trash dropped is greater around food and drink stands and wherever visitors are densely packed. If a trash can is nearby visitors will use it, but if not they will drop trash on the ground. Seeing trash on the ground will make visitors dissatisfied, with a 'does nobody clean up around here?' status message. Trash can also get into animals enclosures and can make them sick, requiring a vet.
The trash cans are emptied, and dropped trash is cleaned up by the refuse centre employee. One of these buildings is included free from the start of every map. Place plenty of trash cans to give him time to empty them all. If you find that you are struggling to keep up with the amount of trash, buy a second refuse centre.
Tip- If you find that your park is suddenly covered with trash, you can place extra cans, buy a second refuse centre and could close the visitor entrance while you wait for the trash to be cleaned up. Once the number of cans and employees is right you can open the park again.
Tip- Make sure the refuse centre employee is able to get to all of your visitor areas and is not stuck behind fences.

Money:
Visitors have a certain amount of money on them, shown in their condition tab. When the money runs out they will go home, so placing cash machines around the park will increase the time and money visitors spend in the park.
You can adjust the prices of most visitor services. If the park rating is low and the visitors are not happy they will complain about 'these rip off prices' and become more dissatisfied. Lowering prices will stop this, and prices can be raised when visitor satisfaction is high.

Getting lost, and directing foot traffic:
Tip- Visitors are not aware of the layout of the park, so complex and branching paths can lead to visitors walking in circles or backtracking. Walking tour signs can be used to direct visitors, however I have found them difficult to use correctly.
Tip- Visitors also do not 'remember' where the park entrance/exit is, so they can get lost even if they are not actually far from the exit. Use exit signs to point the way to the exit. You will be given a message 'A visitor cannot find the exit' and visitors have a status message 'How do I get out of here?' if this is happening.
Tip- Visitors do not spread themselves evenly around the paths. Visitors do not attempt to walk around all paths or park areas before they leave. Often you will find that most visitors are fairly close to the park entrance, with fewer visitors the further you get from the entrance. Since you will want visitors to see as many animal species as possible it is good to set up enclosures to accomodate this.
Tip- Visitors do not mind being crowded and many visitors can use the same path space. Keeping visitors in a small area can make it easier to keep them satisfied.
Tip- More paths, or wider paths, does not attract more visitors.

Money-
Visitors
Visitors are one of two sources of money.
Entrance free: A lower entrance fee can attract more visitors to the park, leading to more money overall. An entry free can be raised as the park rating increases.
Kiosks: High visitor numbers will lead to good profits from food, drink and souveneer stands. However, if the prices are high compared to visitor satisfaction and the park rating, visitors will become dissatisfied and leave the park.
Information stands, telephones etc: Smaller visitor objects can also be a good source of money. Visitors cannot share one of these items, so placing enough for the amount of visitors you have is a good way to keep profits high.
Tip- You can set prices for all buildings of the same type by clicking on a stand, restroom, binoculars etc.
Tip- The donation box needs to be facing away from the path it is next to in order to work.

Animal sales and breeding.
Getting animals to breed and selling the offspring is a good source of income. This is very useful when you are starting out and money is limited. Once the park has many animal species, selling the offspring can be enough to maintain the park even without visitors. Animals are worth more money when they are completely happy, and adult animals are worth more than babies.

This table gives the price to buy an adult animal from the animal house, the sale price is half this for the species which I have checked, but it gives an idea of relative prices of species.

Animal Species; Stars, Price, Gestation Time (Months), Litter Size
Blue Peafowls ; 1, 300, 1, 2 to 6
Flamingo; 2, 400 , 1, 1
King Penguins ; 2, 1500 , 1, 1
Masai Ostritch ; 1, 400 , 1, 3 to 8
Galapagos Tortoise; 1, 200 , 1, 4 to 8
Nile Crocodiles; 2, 1000 , 3, 4 to 8
Ibexes ; 2, 4000 , 6, 1 to 2
Thomson's Gazelles ;2, 3000 , 5, 1
Arabian Oryxes ;3, 5000 , 8, 1
Bisons ; 2 , 4000 , 9, 1
Reindeer ; 2, 1500 , 10, 1 to 2
Pere David's Deer ; 3, 4500 , 10, 1 to 2
Elks ; 2, 1750 , 11, 1 to 2
Okapis ; 4, 6500 , 14, 1
Giraffes ; 6, 45000 , 15, 1
Llamas ; 2, 5000 , 12, 1
Warthog ; 1, 500 , 6, 2 to 4
Hippo ; 3 , 6000 , 8, 1
Zebra ; 2, 3500 , 12, 1
Rhino ; 3, 5500 , 16 , 1
Kangaroos ; 2, 1300 , 1, 1 to 2
Indian Elephants ; 6, 47500, 22, 1
African Elephants ; 6, 50000 , 22, 1
Sea Lions ; 5, 1050 , 11 , 1
Walrus ; 2, 2750 , 16, 1
White Shark ; 6, 60000 , 6, 1
Killer Whales ; 6, 55000 , 16, 1
Dolphins ; 6, 42500 , 12 , 1
Gorillas ; 6, 37500 , 12 , 1
Orangutan ; 5 , 30000 , 8, 1
Chimpanzee ; 5 , 20000 , 8, 1 to 2
Raccoons ; 2 , 325 , 2, 2 to 7
Koala ; 2 , 1100 , 3, 1
Giant Pandas ; 5 , 75000 , 5 , 1
Polar Bears ; 4 , 8000 , 8, 1 to 3
Wolves ; 2, 325 , 3, 2 to 6
White Tigers ; 6, 40000 , 3 , 2 to 3
Cougar ; 4 , 7000 , 3, 2 to 3
Leopards ; 4, 9000 , 3 , 2 to 4
Black Panthers ; 4, 10000 , 3 , 2 to 3
Jaguars ; 4 , 8500 , 3, 2 to 4
Bengal Tigers ; 5, 35000 , 3, 2 to 3
Lions ; 4, 8500 , 3 , 2 to 4
Komodo Dragon ; 2, 1000 , 3 , 4 to 8
Arctic Hares ; 2, 300 , 1, 1 to 3
Anteater ; 3, 1000 , 6, 1
Armadillo ; 2, 1000 , 6 , 2 to 4
Beluga ; 5, 50000 , 12, 1
Manta Ray ; 6, 60000 , 6, 1
Mongolian Wild Horse; 2, 3500 , 12, 1
Mammoth ; 6, 100000 , 22, 1
Quaggas ; 2, 3500 , 12, 1
Gigantopithecus ; 6, 180000 , 7 , 1
Basilosaurus ; 6, 200000 , 16 , 1
Archyopteryx ; 6, 7500 , 1, 2 to 6
Veloceraptors ; 6, 40000 , 1, 3 to 5
Grizzly Bears ; 5, 25000 , 6, 1 to 3

Tip- To make the most money by selling animals you will want a low gestation period, high sale value and large number of offspring per litter. Price x average litter size/gestation period:

Grizzly bears: $6,250
Velociraptors: $160,000
Indian Elephant: $2,160
Tortoise: $1,200
Walrus: $171
White Tigers: $33,333
Orangutan: $3,750
Otters: $731
Wolves: $4,333

Essentially some species are more valuable to breed than others, and it would be more profitable to set up an enclosure for white tigers than walruses if you intend to make money by selling offspring. However, there is also a cost in buying the animals in the first place. Cheaper species are easier to buy when money is limited.

The larger the herd size the more offspring you will be able to produce. You will probably have more otters or galapagos tortoises than orangutans in your park. Judging by my value index, you would only need three times as many tortoises as orangutans to make tortoises more profitable.
Some species are also easier to set up enclosures and care for than others. Since animals only breed when they are completely happy, it is easier to breed flamingo than gorillas.
Finally, animals have a copulation bar which fills up while they are completely happy. Some species take longer to reach a full copulation meter than others, so ostriches will breed more readily than chimpanzees.

Miscellaneous Tips:
-On the mars campaign mission, you can place a snow cannon and heating radiator in the same enclosure to get the temperature right. You will also need to place plants alongside water. Since the map is quite small, you will need to have animals share enclosures to fit them all in.
-Aquatic animals like manta rays only need a single depth water area.

- On hard difficulty, african elephants will produce poo which needs to be cleaned up by an animal keeper. They are the only species which does this and only in hard mode. This is a feature which was supposed to be removed from the game.

- Apes will only breed if they have a 'sex education' piece of equipment in their enclosure.
- If a house is overcrowded by animal babies, the adults will not mate but pregnant females will still have their offspring.

-Some species such as the apes and koalas may need an enclosure larger than the suggested need of flat land and hills, because they need a large number of plants or enclosure equipment.

-Placing a second visitor entrance building causes visitors to try and leave only through that building, but they will not exit or enter through it. The second building cannot be deleted. This is probably a bug and can be irritating, so it may be best to stick with only the original entrance building.