This guide intends to prepare the reader for multi-boat games where there is more than one boat participating. Due to that there is no community standard for Wolfpack games, it may vary between group/flotillas thus this guide is written to prepare the player for different syntaxes and educate in international morse.

The key requirement to be successful when working in a team is communication. The more efficient we can communicate with each other the more efficient we can teamwork as sending morse-code takes time.

Every letter contains multiple signals of sound and pauses (from 1-6 signals per character/symbol). Some signals are long "Dash"/"Dah" − and some short "Dot"/"Dit" ▪. Words contain multiple of these and the morse morse language also communicate with pauses of silence too.

With morse it will take time and taking time is bad for communication. Not only because the contents of the message is important and need to be understood quick but also while a message is being sent it can not be interrupted by other stations thus making it difficult to warn other station of more higher priority info.

Effective use of shorten words such as "abbreviation's" & "prosign's" along by following a standardize pattern to send the info with a "Syntax" is going to help speed up communication for both the sender and receiver.

Due to the morse language having no direct governing organisation, as a language it evolves by different groups over the entire world and may be interpreted differently by different local groups. Where one way may be accepted by one group another group may frown up on it. There are some organisations trying to coordinate usage of morse worldwide like the ITU[www.itu.int] there is no real obligation to follow it, thus it the different language users and groups tend to make their own usage for words, this guide will refer to this as: "Slang". Some words/abbreviations/prosigns original meaning might even be lost due to slang. The slang of morse is also being created within the wolfpack community and the language being taught to one player to another.
This guide will attempt to deliver the reader info on the more "common ground" subjects in morse but still inform about subjects that is subjected to "slang". This guide will offer sources for the reader for them themselves to make their own judgement.

During WWII the germans only tried to coordinate wolfpacks from a lead boat in the early days of the war, but realizing it was more a challenge they changed it so that the u-boats did not communicate anything between each other over radio.
In Wolfpack we can succeed where the germans failed and actually coordinate, which is perhaps what makes Wolfpack the game it is. But to which example should one look at for sourcing a morse syntax? Modern day armature civillian morse, WWII german naval morse, civilian naval morse or military morse? Perhaps the answer lies in them all?

Most people who would have any experience with morse would be with a more modern day armature civillian morse designed for recreational hobby enthusiasts and thus would love to make their skills used in game but it might not offer us answers for all situations we encounter in Wolfpack. Wolfpack is based on a military/naval strategy and thus we, the community have to look for info of how that would work too. So the community have and with this guide you can become familiarized with many of the common practices.

In Wolfpack you can set the game to be played with "Simplified morse". It means that you as a radio operator, do not need to know what every "Dash"/"Dah" − and "Dot"/"Dit" ▪ mean, the game will translate it into letters, numbers and in some cases phrases (know as "Prosigns").

Simplified Morse can be done with a AI Assistant or by a player. However if one boat have a AI and the other have a player, then the modes are not compatible with each other and will lead to communication challenges.

While this guide might have useful syntax, abbreviation's and prosign's, this guide will not be able to teach you how to send or read actual morse. Other resources are recommended for that. This guide will however be able to get you on a basic level capable to perhaps start learning real life morse.

You need to learn this quick? You sitting in a lobby right now?
Okay, focus on following chapters:

• 2.1 - The Radio Station
  
• 2.1.2 - The Morse Key
  
• 4.1 - Calling A Station
  
• 4.2 - Calling All Stations
  
• 4.3 - Calling Any Station "General Call"
  
• 4.4 - Terminating a transmission or call
  
• 5.1 - Sending a message

These should get you started!

The Radio Operator is the communications officer of the U-Boat and should strive towards being an expert on communication.
The ultimate goal of every Radio Operator is:

To be able to efficiently communicate accurate info without follow-up questions, in a timely manner.

For that every Radio Operator should master their ABCD!

• Accuracy: Be precise and correct.
  
• Brevity: Keep it short and focused.
  
• Clarity: Speak clearly and avoid unnecessary noise.
  
• Discipline: Lead by example and respect the syntax of morse

This refers to ensuring that the information you transmit over the radio is precise and correct. Before sending, take a moment to think about what you want to say and check with your captain that the info is accurate. Avoid making assumptions or guessing and avoid speaking from the standpoint of your opinion as you are a representative of your captain and thus their opinion is the boat's opinion, not the radio operators opinion.

• Think Before you send, you do not wanna realize mid transmission or after that you have sent the wrong information.
  
• Do not send your opinion, send facts or the captains opinion. You are the boats communication officer and the one who decides where the boat goes and does, is the captain. Therefor you can not tell another boat your opinion and you must get the captain or the second-in-command's take on what you should share to other boats.

Keep it short and to the point! Brevity means using concise transmissions with a single idea in each. Avoid unnecessary "Fluff" words and long-winded transmissions as they can lead to confusion and may cause listeners to miss critical information.

• Keep the frequency free of unnecessary talk, don't block the frequency for more important transmissions.
  
• When you are transmitting be brief and to the point, do not diverge on tangents.
  
• Avoid polite words such as "Please", "Sorry" or "Thank you".
  
  • Example: "can you send me the speed please" instead say: "SPD?" (This guide will explain what it means later)
  Do also not engage with received politeness either.
  
  • Example: "sorry for the delay" -> "No problem, its okay" instead say: "sorry for the delay" -> "R K"(This guide will explain what it means later)
  The most respectful you can be is to respect the the radiomans time and not send un-needed phrases of politeness that can block up the frequency for other more important transmission.

Clear communication is essential to avoid misunderstandings! Use known abbreviations by the receiver and use pauses between words. Clarity ensures that your message is understood without ambiguity and prevent un-needed back and fourth transmissions

• Transmit your messages with well placed pauses.
  • Have a pause between words, you can have some pauses between the letter but do not make it too long. The pause between words can be as long as the screen keeps the character displayed at the bottom of the screen.
    
  • After you have called another station, make sure you give the radio operator a long enough pause so they can fit in their reply before you call them again.
    
  • If another station have asked you to "WAIT" AS ▪−▪▪▪ then do not send meanwhile, give them time to get back to you.
• Try to stick to known abbreviations and adapt your sending to the experience level of the receiving radioman when choosing abbreviations
  
• Avoid ambiguity that can lead to follow-up questions with The "Five W's" of Communication:
  
  • Who needs something
    
    • Is it someone on the the radio or the boat that needs the info.
      
    • What callsign should I address the info to?
      
    • Do they need something or do we need something?
  • What do they need
    
    • What are they actually asking for?
      
    • What should I find out to send to them?
  • Why do they need it
    
    • If they need “this” info, is there any other info that they might need too?
      
    • What are they trying to use the info for, if they are using it for something they might be asking for something else after, can you anticipate it and send it all in one message?
  • When do they need it
    
    • Is the info time sensitive?
      
    • Will there be negative consequences for the other boats or your boat if this matter is handled too late?
  • Where do they need it
    
    • Should this be encrypted
      
    • Should this be over the general broadcast channel
      
    • Should this be over the private channel

There is no morse police but every radioman knows to be respectful to their collogues on the other end of the frequency without it having to be "rule enforcers" around. This is done by following the long established procedures and syntax of in real life radio communication.

• Answer calls promptly
  
  • Do not let a calling station wait. If you do not answer they might think your boat is below radio depth and thus take actions based on that assumption.
    
  • If you are busy, try to answer but tell the station to wait.
• Do not leave your station
  If nobody is at the station then you wont know if someone is trying to reach you
  Do not close your station because you decide to leave it. A station can only be left unattended if you
  
  • are below radio depth,
    
  • There is no other boats
    
  • If the captain orders you to leave your station.
    
  • In-real-life reasons (it is a game after all)
  If you are not on the radio, you should be on the hydrophone
  
• Stick to the syntax
  
  • It exist for a reason. The syntax have existed for several generations and winging it with own made up rules could confuse.
    
  • Local groups in wolfpack might have their own syntax, when playing with those, respect their syntax (even if it is not accurate to real life). Do not try to change a syntax mid-mission, such discussions have no place over a frequency.
• Terminate all transmission and calls
  
  • If you have sent a transmission end it with "OVER" K −▪−
    
  • If you have sent your last transmission and want to end the call, end it with "OUT" SK ▪▪▪−▪−
• Wait your turn and Do not interrupt an ongoing transmission
  
  • Just because there is a pause, it does not mean the sender is done, wait until they end their transmission with "OVER" K −▪−.
• Do not interrupt an ongoing call
  
  • Wait until the stations who are conversing have ended it with "OUT" SK ▪▪▪−▪−
    
  • Exceptions can be made if there is an emergency.
    
  • Do not join in a call that you were not invited to.

The Radioman/Sonarman works in the radio room and in the Sonar / Hydrophone Room. When the boat is on surface the Radioman have be remain in the radio room so they can hear incoming transmissions. When the boat is submerged the radioman will then sit on the hydrophone. The radioman will only go to the radio if they are sending or receiving radio traffic.
In the radio room there is 2 interactable stations (Not including the Radio Direction finder as it is a placeholder and is not functioning in the current version of the game). The stations are the Radio Station and the Enigma Station. You can man both stations the same time by two different players. This guide will not explain how you operate the manual enigma station and only focus on the radio station!

1. Radio Transmitter & Receiver "Transceiver"
   This is the actual radio.
   
2. Own boat's direct channel
   This indicates which channel your boat have as a direct channel. However all boats are always listening to channel 1 too, the same time. When receiving a message over your direct channel, the pitch of the morse tone is different than on channel 1
   
3. Transmit Channel
   Here you can see which channel is set to be transmitted on. Channel 1 is the default channel as all boats are always listening on that channel. It is recommended to keep all traffic on Channel 1 and only really send on direct channel if it is so important that no other stations should hear it. However because other stations can not hear it, it might cause other stations to send on the Channel 1 the same time and make communication unbearable or impossible for the station you are sending over their direct channel.
   
4. Volume Control
   This adjust the master volume of all sounds the radio makes.
   
5. Transmit Channel Control
   This wheel changes the transmit channel
   
6. Morse Key
   The morse key have quick buttons for pre-made prosign's. You have to click on the morse key to get access to the entire station. (The morse key is mislabeled as the "Radio Transceiver")
   
7. Pending "OUT" Message
   When a message have been composed on the enigma station and saved. it will appear on the radiomans desk for them to send it.
   
8. Notepad/Received Messages [BUGGED!]
   This notepad allows the radioman to make notes of incoming transmissions, however you can not make line brakes and if you are the client, then the notepad is prone to bug out and not show what you wrote. It is recommended you use pen and paper or if you have a second monitor, you can use your computers Notepad program.

The Radio Transmitter & Receiver, when the two functions are combined in a radio, you call it a "Transceiver". While you can send and receive at the same time, it does not mean you should. The radio uses "Half-Duplex"[en.wikipedia.org] communication. This means that only one station should transmit at a time and stations/radio operators needs to take turns in who is sending.
In morse you communicate whos turn it is to speak by ending/terminating your transmission with "OVER" or "OUT". this guide will explain this in later chapters.

When you are on the radio station you can simply type on your computer keyboard on the alphabetical and numerical characters the the game will automatically send the corresponding morse code signals
When you click on the morse key while you are on the radio station, you can then get access to the quick buttons for pre-made prosigns. The guide will explain in later chapters more about prosigns.
NOTE: if some letters are UNDERLINED it means that the prosign is equivalent to sending the two letters but with no pause in-between them.

The notepad allows the radio operator to write down the incoming radio messages. Once the message is complete you can save it and the game will automatically fill in who the radio operator was that received it and what time it was saved.

• When a message is saved both the radio station and the enigma station can flip through the incoming messages. You can change the page by clicking in the corner of the saved notepad page.
  
• The bottom notepad page is for writing a new message and the top is the saved pages.
  
• You can not make new rows / line brakes in the note but you can use spaces.
  
• You can not exceed the page space and if you fill it you have to save it and continue on a new page.

DISCLAIMER
Currently this system is not reliable and will occasionally not note down all keyboard presses if you are a client playing in another players lobby. This sadly makes this entire system unplayable as it is unreliable. As this guide is written for the 0.26 BETA version, it is likely the developers will address this bug once some of the more major bugs are solved. For now it is recommended you use a pen and paper or use a second monitor with the built in notepad program in your computer.

In order to make messages use fewer signals thus take shorter time to send and as a result not block the frequency for other stations, you need to make your messages use less characters. prosign's and abbreviations of words will help with that. Here is a glossary of common Prosign's/Abbreviations use in WP and in real life.

Prosigns are special morse symbols that are not a letter and are not a number but their own thing. You can however combine letters to create these prosigns but if you send them you should not send them with a pause between (this is why the prosign letters are underlined). When encrypting a message you will of course have to send prosigns as their letter equivalence.
This list also contains common special use letters, those are some letters that when sent on their own usually have a more utility function in a morse call. Due to their regular use they have been included in this list together with the prosigns.

When you want to establish a call with another station or stations you need to communicate with who you want to occupy the frequency with. Do you want to speak with a single station, does it matter with who or do you want to talk to all at the same time? Consider your choice and do not forget to let the station receiving station(s) know who you are by signing your message!
If you want to quickly address a station you can use their last number in their callsign.

These are international recognized morse abbreviations. Unlike prosigns these are sent like words with a small pause between each letter as you would do when typing words.

IRL Source References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code_abbreviations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_code
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephony_procedure
https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M.1677-1-200910-I/en
https://www.iaru-r1.org/on-the-air/code-of-conduct/versions/

The morse language does not always offer us existing viable abbreviations. When we play wolfpack we need to communicate specific things and therefore may need our own abbreviations for those words. Here is a list of common abbreviations used by the Wolfpack Community. This list might change in the future as the community refines it and as I notice a change in the "meta".

Community Source References:
Official Wolfpack Community Discord[discord.com]

If you need to share a rough course or bearing of something, then you can use the following abbreviations of North, East, West and South. Here are the different combinations for the different directions.

Morse communications is done by sending short and long sound signals combined in different ways and mixed up with different spacing of silence between them. When a station is sending (occupying the frequency) no other stations can send on the same frequency, this is also know as "Half-Duplex"[en.wikipedia.org].
"Half-Duplex"[en.wikipedia.org] communication will require all stations to share the frequencies and "take turns" with sending. In order to let all other stations to know you want to use the frequency you need to make "Call" and address the call to whom you want to speak to.

Calling is comparable to you picking up your phone and putting in the phone number and pressing the green phone icon then waiting for the "beeps" until the one you called picks up.
The same applies for morse, you need to call the stations you want to talk to so you don't start talking until they have "picked up" or as you would say in radio communication: until they are "receiving". So you start by first addressing who should receive the call first before you introduce who you are. This is to allow all listening stations to quickly determine if the call is for them.
The procedure of calling will be elaborated in the "Calling a Station" part of this guide.

Once you receive a call, you should "pick up" the phone, in morse terms you should send that you are "receiving" the calling station. In morse you could call this "Handshaking" the caller is extending their hand and introducing themselves you will do the same and introduce you. Once you completed this procedure both of you know who you are talking with and you can start your communication and exchange your messages.

After you done the "handshake" you can exchange your messages with each other but you need to let the station you are talking to know when it is their turn to talk, so you need to terminate your transmission. Also all other stations need to know when they can speak so once you are completely done with your entire call you need to "hang up" which means in morse that you have to terminate the call. All this will be covered in the guide.

While you should avoid blurting out an entire full message without making a call you can sometimes share low priority status updates without requiring other stations to reply. But if you make these then make sure they are quick and do not hinder important calls to be made on the frequency.

Examples of morse communication[en.wikipedia.org]

When calling a station, you need to put their callsign first so they can tell as soon as possible if it concerns them or not. After you can sign your call with your callsign so they know who wants to talk to them. Last you need to terminate your transmission with OVER (K −▪−) so the other station know it is their turn so they can respond to you.
Calling a station is done to reserve a frequency for you and the other station and to check if the other stations radio operator is ready to receive.

Short Call
A standard short call for when you expect the radioman to be ready at the radio to hear your call

Extended Call
If you think they are busy, maybe sitting on the hydrophone so they need extra chances to hear the call, you can address them two to three times but don't do more than three. you have to give them room to respond too.

Quick Call
If the radioman is experienced you can shorten yours and their callsign. But this does not work if you talking with novices on the other end.
Quick Answer
As there is no other station that should answer to a call that is not addressed to himself the sender could assume it is received by the station they addressed and get away with omitting their own signature. Tho this could sometimes lead to miscommunications and should be avoided if many stations is on the frequency.

Formal and Quick Answer
This clarifies that the correct station is receiving the call by signing it with your callsign.

Formal and Clear Answer
This is a very formal way where it makes it perfectly clear to everyone even stations who is not part of the call who is listening in who is receiving and that the call is not for them.

If you have a message that you want all stations to receive you can use the callsign of AS. Do note that all is not the same as any so think carefully before you choose to send to all. Sending to all can be messy and you should avoid calling all stations unless it is really important for all to hear! Calling all stations can also be used to check which u-boats are at a radio depth.

AS Is not a IRL callsign, but due to that in civillian morse there is no callsign to call all stations assigned under a group, there was need of inventing such a callsign fur using it in Wolfpack. The community invented AS ("ALL STATIONS") and is commonly using it. Some would say that CQ does already this but CQ is for calling calling all station who listens but implies it only require respons from one. In military radio communication there are ways to call all stations and as the game Wolfpack is more comparable to a military activity than a armature radio communications one have to take lessons from both aspects of radio communication and adapt it for the needs of the game.

Short Call
A standard short call for when you expect the radiomen to be ready at their radio transceivers. It is unlikely all will be ready so consider using an extended call instead.

Extended Call
If you think they are busy, maybe sitting on the hydrophone so they need extra chances to hear the call, you can address them two to three times but don't do more than three. you have to give them room to respond too.
In these examples, U-307 Calling ALL u-boats and all boats who are currently receiving, responds (Preferably responds in an order from lowest callsign number first to the highest. But don't wait too long for the callsign before you to respond and skip them if they are talking too long time.)

Formal and Quick Answer
If all boat signs their messages and reports that they are receiving then it should be clear enough and short.

After all stations have reported in, 307 can send their message.
Should not all boats be able to received, thus then being unable to reply, the caller will then know that not all boats received the call and could guess that they are below radio depth or the radioman is not doing his job on the radio station. 307 can then choose to send their message to all who did reply and then fill in the absent boat later or end the call and try again alter.

A call to any station can be referred to as a "CQ" (−▪−▪ −−▪−) or a "General call", in other words it is a call to an unspecified recipient, to who ever first hears the call first. This call can be used when you returned from a crash-dive and you arrive at radio depth and you want to check if any other boat is reachable on radio. A "CQ" is never a subject in a message and is used instead of a callsign. Do not mix up a ALL stations call with a ANY Stations call as only one station need to reply to a "CQ" unlike a call to All Stations.

Interesting note: When you say C Q out loud, it sounds like you say "Seek you"/ "See Kyou" as if you would be seeking anyone.

Short General Call
A standard short general call for when you expect the at least one radioman to be ready at their radio transceivers.

Extended General Call
If your first short general call did not work, you can call "CQ" two to three times but don't do more than three. you have to give room to another station to respond too.
Only one station should answer a General call, The one who first hears it should answer promptly. If you heard the General call but another station answered before you, you should not answer but you can still listen to their conversation if you like.

Formal and Quick Answer
This clarifies which station is receiving the call by signing it with your callsign.

Formal and Clear Answer
This is a very formal way where it makes it perfectly clear to everyone even stations who are not part of the call who is listening in who is receiving.

In morse pauses is very important, they can help communicate separate letters, words and sentences, sometimes a pause is needed for a inexperienced radio operator to say the right thing. Regardless what the reason of a pause, a pause does not mean the it is another stations turn to speak!
Because only one station can send at a time you should always respect a pause but it's hard to know how long you should wait until you can transmit. In morse we communicate this with a "terminator" prosign or abbreviation.
Termination of a transmission is done when you want to communicate following:

• I will NOT send no more morse signals for now.
  
• I am expecting the other station(s) that I called to take their turn to start sending to me.
  
• The frequency is NOT open for any other station than me and the one I am talking with.

OVER
"OVER" is used both in morse and voice radio and it means the same
Termination of a call is done when you want to communicate following:

• I will not send no more morse signals for now.
  
• I will not continue this call.
  
• I do NOT expect the other station(s) that I called to to start sending to me.
  
• The frequency is open for any other station to make a call on.

OUT
Commonly the station who called, should terminate the call, though is is more a matter of curtesy than a rule.
When you send (SK ▪▪▪−▪−) You should mean it, that you are "OUT".

(AR ▪−▪−▪) in morse, it is surrounded by slang interpretations, some use it to end a call with and other use it to end a transmission. It is not recommended to use this due to its ambiguity. It is more clear for all users if (SK ▪▪▪−▪−) is used to say when a call is ended. A (AR ▪−▪−▪) can be too unclear if the station intends to send more after. Should you encounter a operator who use this, you have to figure out "which side of the fence" they are on, if they tend to use it as a replacement for "OVER" or "OUT"

A transmission can contain following core components:

1. Recipient - Who is this message for?
   
2. Sender - Who is sending this message?
   
3. Message - What is this message about?
   
4. Terminator - What should be done after the message have been sent?

At some point before the message you need to preform a handshake with whom you want to talk to. This is done by an introduction of each stations callsign that is taking part of the call.
Handshake
after the handshake is complete you can then begin exchanging messages.

Sometimes you do not care if the recipient(s) is getting your message and in those cases you can skip the "handshake" and just add the message after your call. But you should have no expectations that all radio operators is ready and will receive it!

After the call and preferably a handshake is done, then you can send your message. But do not forget to terminate your transmission so the recipient(s) know when they can reply.
Do not send your message too quick and try to put pauses between words.

Sometimes some calls might not have a message and be terminated immediately after the handshake. These calls are most likely to check if the recipient is available at a radio depth or for the sender to quickly inform that they are still available on the frequency.

A standard message follows the format of that you first make a call to the recipient(s) of your choice and then wait for their reply. Once they are replying you can then send the message or warn them that you will be sending a message (so that they are ready to write it down).

Message with an warning of a message
This one is good for beginners on the other end, it is more formal and more respectful to the other station to warn them of a message (CT −▪−▪−). This is especially recommended to do if a message is long and contains many words or long words.

Sending without a Message Warning
if your message is not too long or the radio operator is somewhat experienced you can start sending your message as soon as you "handshake" (call) is done and you reserved the frequency. You don't have to put CT (−▪−▪−) before your message but it could be good to give them some sort of warning that you will be sending something that they might want to note down.
This is a message where it is not super important if the recipients isn't hearing it. It could be a quick status message with no significant importance. A quick message follows directly after a call without checking if the recipients, station(s) is ready or not. A quick message is best if it is not longer than 1-6 morse characters (letters/numbers). If it is longer it is best to wait with your message and call them first and wait for them to reply and then send the message.

Quick Message
This could be a message send by U96's radioman when ever they been below radio depth for a bit and coming back up to let all other stations know they are once again available for radio traffic. In general use this for short messages that does not need a confirmation that they heard you.
An emergency message throws a lot of all syntax and formality aside and you just push your message out without calling, without signing who you are. If time is given after then you can sign it. An emergency message should be at least repeated 3 times.

Emergency Message 1
This demonstrates a crash dive message from you. While your message does not contain your signature, the other boats remaining at PD or radio depth can send out a All Stations call and figure you it was you, if you are the one not responding. You can be liberal with the DDD and repeat them more, but if for some reason your captain delayed the dive then you must not hog the frequency. If you have extra time then you can sign it with your last number in your callsign.

Emergency Message 2
In this example your captain have fired torpedoes. It can be very important for some boats that this happen and you should not delay and promptly send TIW as soon as you can. you can worry later about signing it with your call sign. Do not over do this type of message. 3 times max for a TIW, more is not recommended .

If you have multiple sentences/messages to the same recipient(s), you should fragment your message into smaller segments. You can do this in a few different ways, consider who the recipient is and choose a method suitable for their ability to receive. Avoid situations where the receivers have to ask you to repeat yourself.

Multiple Message with warnings of a message
this format would be suitable for beginners and for multiple longer messages.

Multiple Message with ONE warning of a message
This would be more suitable for multiple shorter messages.

Multiple Message with ONE warning of a message and message brakes
This would be more suitable for multiple shorter messages.

Multiple Message with ONE warning of a message and stops
This would be more suitable for multiple shorter messages. This is more common among Wolfpack players and perhaps not so much in real life.

When you can not instantly provide an reply to a station you are talking to and you do not want the other station to think you did not hear the transmission, you can ask the other station to "WAIT" or "STAND BY" AS ▪−▪▪▪. This can perhaps be required when decoding a message or when just processing through a un-encrypted but long or messy radio message. This can also be used if you receive a question you do not have the answer to and you need to quickly check with the captain or other crew members. This is also what you would use if multiple station are calling you and you were already in one call then the other station needs to wait.

If you hear another station requesting you to wait, you should respect this and wait in silence. Do not start asking other questions, wait until they get back to you or until the call is ended!

Wait (Short Time)
Here we assume we can answer shortly and we keep the call open. should it take longer time to get back to them we need to end the call.

Wait (Long Time)
If we can not provide an answer quickly, we can terminate the call and get back to them later. Meanwhile the frequency can be used by other stations.

Stand By
In this call, U307 radio operator made a mistake and had not paid attention and transmitted while there was an ongoing call. You told them to wait and then you continued your call with U552. After yours and U552's conversation/call is terminated U307 attempts to contact U564 again.

The game does not allow us to send question marks "?". This puts the radioman in a peculiar situation where it could sometimes be impossible to tell if one radioman is asking a question or making a statment:
We will therefor have to construct a question mark with letters. The morse code for a question mark is ▪▪−−▪▪ which looks like you take the letter "M" −− and you sandwich it between two "I" ▪▪
but it is also possible to prefix your question with the term INT ▪▪−▪− "interrogative" which means "Question will follow"

Question with question mark
Using a question mark is more common than using INT.

Question with interrogative
Do not mistake the INT for INTD "Intend/Intent". INT is for asking questions how ever it is not as common in Wolfpack and some inexperienced radio operators will sloppily abbreviate "Intent" as "INT"
If you did not understand a message, maybe the sending radio operator were sending too fast or maybe there was some signals that were lost. you can ask them to repeat by sending IMI ▪▪−−▪▪. When sent alone, IMI is almost the same as saying "Huh?" or asking "can you repeat that?"

Say again with question mark

Knowing where your team is, is key to avoid collisions and effective target selection. There are various methods available with different levels of accuracy for different situations.
When the need to get/share accurate position on the map exist, you can draw two lines from 2 corners (commonly bottom left & Right) intersecting on the boats position. The bearing of the lines are unique and will translate to an accurate absolute position on the map.

EXAMPLE:
Similarly to the 2-Corners this method utilizes only one corner in combination of a distance but can be just as accurate.

EXAMPLE:

The Germans in WWII assigned their maps boxes they named with 2 letters. Within those boxes, they divided them into 9 squares. Within those squares they divided them into more sets of 9 and further of 9. Each set of 9 was numbered from top left to bottom right.
The smallest grid you can get on the map is a 4-digit gird but imagine that the smallest grid is further sub-divided into 9 equal squares again, and that they were assigned numbers like stated above. This would be a "Sub-Grid"
EXAMPLE:

Similar to how the sub-grid works the keypad system follows the same principal but have been simplified where a player with a numpad keyboard can easily look at their numpad and project which key number would represent which keypad the boat would be in.
EXAMPLE:
When the boat you are reporing to have visual contact with the target convoy, you can report your position from the convoys perspective, relative to the convoy. An absolute position is sometimes not required and this method is more preferred. If you are in a position between two, you can combine them. Example: Between 2 and 3 = 23, Between Front and Port = Port Front.
EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE:
If you want another boat to provide you with their position, you need to think about how your question will be interpreted. Here is a few examples with how they can be interpreted.
All messages above is done after a call have been established with the appropriate recipient(s)

Sharing target solution data allows for boats that haven't had the fortune to acquire the data on their own to still partake in attacks. This can happen if they were to far out and had to make sacrifices by going fast to get into a position thus preventing them from getting reliable data. Data sharing between boats can allow for well planned and coordinated attacks.

When you know the convoy Course (Course Determination Guide) and/or Speed (Speed Determination Guide) then, sharing that information can be valuable for other boats. When sharing such data it is a good practice if you also convey how confident you are on the data. you can do this by saying the data is High, Medium or Low in confidence level: HCON, MCON, LCON. Low confidence is about as reliable as a guess/estimate while MCON is with a higher certainty but with still some doubts and HCON is a solution you would fire torpedoes on.
NOTE: Above examples assume a proper call to intended recipient(s) have already been established!

Sometimes it is not enough time to find out the data yourself and you need help, yet no U-boat have shared their data. You can request data from them. This is good to do as soon as possible so you don't put the other boats in a situation where they both need to use their own data to fire on, because time is coming near and sen you data. Always expect delays when requesting data.
NOTE: Above examples assume a proper call to intended recipient(s) have already been established!

In real life german U-boats did not use radio to communicate with each other and thus did not coordinate their attacks but the developers of Wolfpack have provided us with the tools to do so. Careful planning and coordination can allows all boats and their crew involved to get a piece of pie and it does not need to be a competition unless that is how you want to play. If you want to teamwork then you might want to consider setting a "TOI" (Time of synchronized torpedo impact), a time on the clock when your and other subs torpedo's are allowed to hit up on or after.

To make most use out of the data you and the wolfpack have gathered and shared, you must make as many torpedoes hit on the data before it is lost. When one ship is hit the rest will start turning evasively and change their speed so setting a time on the clock in which torpedoes may hit at (or after) can be worthwhile.




Before the TOI can be agreed up on, all boats needs to sign off that they agree on the TOI, This can be done with a "ACK"
In the example above U307 suggest a TOI of 00:50 but only one boat (U96) can participate and another boat (U564) ask for the TOI to be delayed. Your boat (U552) can not attack but the captain does not want any delay and have no problem sitting out. U307 decides to offer a new TOI 01:00 in which all boats agree to.


Sometimes no TOI can be agreed up on and all you can do is to move into a position that you can maintain and be ready to attack from. In such a situation you can inform when you arrived in the position to attack and report "RTA" once you calculated your longest torpedo run.

Sending reports to other submarines allows their captains to retain situational awareness of what is going on. If you hold information that affect other submarins survival or effectiveness, it is prudent to keep them informed. All information isn't relevant, you need to ask yourself, "Do they need to know this?" in order to determine if you need to report it. Avoid occupying the frequency with unneeded clutter and keep it clear for priority traffic.
If your boat is going below radio depth you should inform all other boats that they your station is unavailable for transmissions. In other words, your station is close. This can also be due to that your boat is run by a "skeleton crew" and the captain orders you off your station to help out at perhaps the TDC. While it is not recommended for you to ever leave your post at the radio sometimes one have to be flexible.

When you are back at your station or when you can start receiving transmissions again, then you should report that you are back. It can be done by technically saying anything as it is implied that you are operational again. But commonly it would be done with a status update.
When your lobby is running with the convoy zig setting, you should inform if you witness the convoy preforming one of these zigs.
Sometimes friendly submarines are on the surface and can not hear torpedoes and sometimes they are submerge but the sonarman is busy with other things. In any case it is a good practice to let your fellow submarines know that you launched torpedoes and perhaps how many.
Keeping your team informed of your situation can be important in their planning. As depending how they act, could put you and your crew in unnecessary danger and as a team player you need to think about the team and not only about yourself.
Here are some other reports that you could send or expect to receive.

Different flotillas and groups of Wolfpack have their own lists of prosign's, abbreviations and syntax I have tried to pick up as much as I know from many of them. Some of you may ask "why isn't wolfpack players simply using existing ones?" Well, its because there was none, U-boats did not communicate with each other so there is no historical Morse code syntax for it. We as players need to decide what they are, but different groups have come up with their own. So my goal with this guide is to consolidate and perhaps offer the WP community a source where they can learn the different variations. I have also made sure to include the source of where some of it comes from, if it is sourced from the real life syntax or if it is made up.

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