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The above raw data was transferred to the calculator below. From there you are able to enter in any values of a ship you want to design. The calculator then aids you by telling you how many thrusters you will need.

You can then specify how many of any given thruster size (SV or CV, calculated separately off same initial data) you want to install and it will let you know how many more of other sizes, or same size, you will need. I did not round the thruster values so you can make better accuracy in knowing how many of each thruster you will need for your given desired gravity and cargo. The weight of each thruster as you add them is accounted for in the remaining thrusters you will need. (Current thruster weight is at default 1.0G, formulas will be updated later today to account for desired gravity in thruster weight)

There is a photo of the formulas used with named values to help better understand the calculations involved. However I recommend using the link to download the spreadsheet itself (spreadsheet may or may not be most current version). (Thank you @Wildfire for helping me on the link) Enjoy!

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The White background values are intended for you to be able to change. The RAW Data table portion can also be updated as the game stats change. Lift Force value is argued to either be 10 kN per ton or 9.8 kN per ton. So feel free to use either value there.

To help understand calculations you can refer to the photo below, which shows the formulas involved. You may now get the spreadsheet directly via the link listed further below.
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Engineer Guide on Thrusters - Calculator Excel Spreadsheet [cdn.discordapp.com]

Note: Spreadsheet updated 6/16/2021. The formula explanations and calculator are now on separate sheets. Please message via steam or discord if you have any further change requests.