I've just lost interest in the game and no longer want to keep working on this. If someone else wants to make a new guide covering console commands go ahead. I'll keep this guide up for archival reasons.

By default the key for the console is unbound (or at least it was for me) so go into settings and give it a keybind (it's at the very bottom)

Noclip -- Toggles noclip mode
Toggle -- Toggles the HUD on and off
Give [ID] -- Gives a weapon
Equip [ID] -- Gives equipment
Grant [INT] -- Gives money

Noclip and Toggle don't require any arguments, just type them in and they're good to go!

Give requires the ID of the gun. EG Give 25 will give you the Exploit.

Equip requires the ID of the equipment. EG Equip 8 will give you Time Stop

Grant requires an integer of how much money you want. EG Grant 621 will give you 621 dollars

Give [ID]

0 -- Silenced Pistol
1 -- Pistol
2 -- Double Barrel
3 -- Bolt-Action
4 -- Silenced SMG
5 -- Sticky Detonator
6 -- Combat Shotgun
7 -- Auto Pistol
8 -- Marksman's Rifle
9 -- Revolver
10 -- Burst Carbine
11 -- SMG
12 -- Sniper Rifle
13 -- Battle Rifle
14 -- Assault Rifle
15 -- Shotgun
16 -- Carbine
17 -- Lever Action
18 -- PDW
19 -- Grenade Launcher
20 -- Assault Shotgun
21 -- LMG
22 -- Rocket Launcher
23 -- AGL
24 -- Plasma Cannon
25 -- Burst Cannon
26 -- Scatter Cannon
27 -- Vulcannon

equip [ID]

0 -- Ball
1 -- Grenade
2 -- Orange Juice
3 -- Looooong Jump
4 -- C4
5 -- Ammo Pack
6 -- Medkit
7 -- Phase Kit
8 -- Laser Cannon
9 -- Kunai
10 -- Laser Wire
11 -- Grappling Hook? (doesn't seem to work)

I don't know the names of most of these so I'm kinda just naming them myself based on what they seem to be

All commands will accept negative values, so I'll quickly run through it for each:
Give -- Gives the same weapon as its positive counterpart
Equip -- Gives the same equipment as its positive counterpart
Grant -- Subtracts points

Typing in an invalid argument will cause both strings and IDs to error out

Thanks to:
Me for making this guide
Hitcents for making GTTOD
You for rating and favouriting this guide (you did do that, right?)