Note: Body is a useless stat that does nothing.

Here is a Quick Guide without all the extra info/fuss.

Cabernet Sauvignon
Acidity: 6
Sweetness: 4
Tannins: 6

Chardonnay
Acidity: 7
Sweetness: 6
Tannins: 5

Merlot
Acidity: 7
Sweetness: 5
Tannins: 6

Pinot Noir
Acidity: 6
Sweetness: 5
Tannins: 2

Syrah
Acidity: 7
Sweetness: 6
Tannins: 8

Sauvignon Blanc
Acidity: 8
Sweetness: 2
Tannins: 2

Semillon
Acidity: 4
Sweetness: 4
Tannins: 2

Noble Rot Semillon
Acidity: 5
Sweetness: 10
Tannins: 3

In order to get Noble Rot Semillon you need to have the vines affected by Fungal Rot for a month. This changes it into Noble Rot, which has a -10% yield per month effect.

Grenache and Grenache Rosé
Acidity: 6
Sweetness: 3
Tannins: 5

The only difference for the Rosé is that it needs to be crushed using the Vin Gris Wine Press. The stats remain the same

White Oak Barrels and Flavors
Get them as soon as you can afford them. They not only give you the perfect Acidity and Tannins, they also never go below them, meaning you can leave the wine in the barrels for as long as you want.
Wines have a chance to develop one of three flavors each month it is in a barrel: Fruity, Earthy, Vanilla, or Buttery. These flavors increase the value of the wine.

Bottled Wine Aging
Don't do it. Waiting years to sell bottled wine, which in real life can drive a price up massively doesn't seem to do much in Terroir. Admittedly I have only held onto wine for up to 2 years so far, but in those two years the wine's value went up by only around $3.50 each year.

Ripeness
A ripeness of 7 is actually preferable to 6 or 5. While a 6 or 5 ripeness will get you the perfect foliage managment bonus (+1 star to final rating) if you are making 5 star wine already you just don't need it. And a ripeness of 7 can be far easier to work with unless you are making Sauvignon Blanc, or either Grenache varietal, since they need a low sweetness.

Tavern Bug/Exploit
The Tavern can only sell up to 600 (or 1000 with adjacent Castle Ruins) wines at a time. However, if you want to sell wines at double the speed, just make sure that you fill both slots with 300 (or 500) wines. They can even be the same vintage. However, in order to do this you need to exit the Tavern UI and reopen it for the second slot.