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The word originated in the 18th century as an adaptation of the Spanish negro, a descendant of the Latin adjective ♥♥♥♥♥, which means black. It was used derogatorily, and by the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, its usage by anyone other than a black person became unambiguously pejorative, a racist insult. Accordingly, it began to disappear from general popular culture. Its inclusion in classic works of literature has sparked modern controversy.
Because the term is considered extremely offensive, it is often referred to by the euphemism "the N-word". However, it remains in use, particularly as the variant ♥♥♥♥♥, by African Americans among themselves. In dialects of English (including standard British English) that have non-rhotic speech, "♥♥♥♥♥♥" and "♥♥♥♥♥" are pronounced the same.