Red 40, also known as Allura Red AC, is a synthetic food dye that is made from petroleum and is used to give a bright red color to many processed foods, beverages, and other products. It is one of nine color additives that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has certified as safe for use in food and beverages.
Red 40 is created through a chemical reaction that combines toluene sulphonic acid and naphthalene sulphonic acid, which produces a sodium salt called Allura red AC, as well as calcium and potassium salts. Manufacturers prefer synthetic color additives over natural options because they are cheaper, provide a more uniform color, and don't add unwanted flavors.
Red 40 is commonly found in sweets, dairy products, beverages, cakes, frosting, pastries, cereals, candy, gum, yogurt, puddings, gelatins, ice cream, popsicles, sports drinks, energy drinks, protein powders, and chips. However, some question the safety of Red 40, as some studies suggest it may pose a risk to brain development in children, hyperactivity, and even cancer. Other studies have linked Red 40 consumption to allergies, migraines, and aggression in children. Additionally, some products made with Red 40 use two to three times the FDA's accepted daily intake (ADI), and the health effects of consuming higher amounts are not known.
To avoid dyes, you can read food labels and look for healthy alternatives.