RETAIL ROYALE

similar to portuguese, english and dutch built trading posts on asian coasts and sought to channel trade through them, english merchants concentrated on india and dutch operated more from cape town, colombo, and java
- english and dutch had 2 main advantages over portuguese 1)they sailed faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships and 2) they conducted trade through joint-stock companies which allowed investors to get profits while limiting the risk of their investments
- the two most prominent JSCompanies (joint stock companies) were English East India Company and the dutch counterpart - United East India Company (a.k.a. VOC), these companies were privately owned enterprises, they experienced immediate financial success, english east india company and VOC contributed to early formation of global network of trade

europeans usually always sought commercial opportunities, they attempted to control spice trade in indian ocean but were unsuccessful, they did NOT have the human numbers or military power to impose their rule in eastern hemisphere, by the end of 7 years war the english military and merchant forces gained an initiative over their rivals that enabled them to dominate world trade and build a vast british empire

Spread religion (crusading mentality), Search for an alternate trade route to indies, to have powerful nation states, ship/sail design and navigation equipment, and the renaissance- individualism, optimism, and a sense of adventure

Much of Russia's expansion occurred in the 17th century, culminating in the first Russian colonisation of the Pacific in the mid-17th century, the Russo-Polish War (1654-67) that incorporated left-bank Ukraine, and the Russian conquest of Siberia. Poland was divided in the 1790-1815 era, with much of the land and population going to Russia. Most of the 19th century growth came from adding territory in Asia, south of Siberia.

Commercial rivalries + Political differences = The Seven years war. A war between Britain and France
Took place in Europe, India, Caribbean, and North America
In Europe, The Prussians(Britain ally) defended
In India, the British and the French teamed up with local rulers to fight each other. British push French out of India
In the Caribbeans, Spain joined France to prevent Britain from spreading their influence. British win and keep Florida but let go of the Caribbean Islands
In North America, the war merged with the ongoing French and Indian war. British take Canada from France