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The armies of the day were mostly made up of prisoners, mercenaries, etc. Many were volunteers however in the case of the Crusades, but one must understand that those days were different. Those were days where men could follow their lusts without much to stop them. It was an inevitable outcome. All wars have these things. The Soviets in World War II outdid any Crusade in raping and pillage, the Nazis as well, though the Soviets probably did more then they. I will not speak in detail of it here, but a poem by the name of Prussian Nights gives an account of what happened in the words of a Soviet soldier who was there and committed them himself.
In terms of the causes of the Crusades, I think most can agree that all of them except the 1st-3rd had only monetary goals. The first three Crusades had opened valuable trade with India and China, and the European markets began flowing with spices, silks, and other goods. However, I believe that the first three had innocent intents-to protect the pilgrims which the muslims refused to protect (Which by treaty they were obligated to do), to reclaim the Holy Lands, and to spread Christendom. Surely the normal traits of war were present on both sides, but no nation or society or counterculture can deny that every single war fought by humanity (With the possible exception of World War I) had massive after-the-battle pillaging.
Second:. God has used other nations to punish the Jews but you will also find that God still punishes those other nations afterwards for what they did or did no do. God still holds us accountable for our action or inaction. For example. Say God chooses to punish the Jews for something (only God knows this we don't, we only know that someone is attacking the Jews) I believe God can hold us accountable for not even trying to come to their aid. God keeps his promise that anyone that curses them will be cursed and anyone that blesses them will be blessed.
Finally: Ultimately the Crusades did shape the modern church. Due to the wide spread persecution of anyone non-Catholic it did lead to true Bible believers escaping to new lands and further spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ. God can make good of any evil we try to do.
https://youtu.be/I_To-cV94Bo
Jesus would've denied old harlot scarlet rome and would have been killed by them in that time, and so would I.
Funny how history often repeats itself.
"My kingdom is not of this world" ~Jesus
The Crusades were by definition a reaction to the jihads against the Byzantines, and the original purpose in them was to reclaim all of Asia Minor as well as the Holy Land and give all of it (Except for roughly Antioch, Edessa, and everything South) back to the Byzantines. In that regard, it was certainly not a pagan conflict.
"My kingdom is not of this world." ~Jesus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R8viSgLTVM
Additional Christian territory was stolen by Islamic conquerors in the late eleventh century when the Seljuk Turks, a nomadic peoples from the Asian steppe who converted to Sunni Islam, invaded Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), a very important province of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Romanus IV Diogenes (r. 1068-1071) gathered a mixed force of imperial troops and mercenaries in an attempt to stop the Seljuk advance, but they were defeated at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Their victory allowed the Seljuks to consolidate their power in Anatolia, establishing it as the Sultanate of Rum with its capital in the ancient Christian city of Nicaea, site of the first ecumenical council in 325 and within striking distance of Constantinople.
And so, in the first place, the Crusades were launched to recover these conquered Christian territories and return them to the patrimony of Christ, which is one of the criteria for a legitimate exercise of violence.
The invasion of Christian territory, Muslim persecution of native Christians and pilgrims, plus the threat posed to the Christian Byzantine Empire, were all legitimate reasons to engage in defensive warfare and, and Bl. Pope Urban II cited them as justification for the First Crusade. And so in 1095, at the Council of Clermont, the pope preached an armed pilgrimage to recover the lost Christian territory of the East and specifically the Holy City of Jerusalem.
Urban viewed the Crusade as a pilgrimage, the aim of which was not to conquer but to visit the place of pilgrimage and then return home. Later popes maintained the understanding of the Crusades as just, defensive wars with the central goal of the recovery of ancient Christian territory. Heroic men and women of faith, rooted in love of Christ and neighbor, undertook the Crusades as acts of self-defense and recovery of stolen property. This is the proper understanding of these important events in Church history.
I know that God knows my heart, and I don't believe I can lose my salvation for defending my house with lethal force, it's more about where my heart is, though, almost as if striving in the flesh shows a lack of faith on my part. When I was new in Christ I walked in love and was bullet proof, I faced off on occasion with some very violent opposition, right up in my face, it didn't phase me, I walked in love, knew that God was in control of the situation... here just recently a crazy neighbor was raising his voice and I'm still struggling daily to put my flesh down over that, it seems so unjust, he needs to be put in his place after all, for being so disrespectful. But then, I mocked and hated on Christians for most of my life as an atheist, surely I need to be put in my place, after all.......
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytdMUddGe-U
Not a real Christian comment