Overtly speaking there are no games like this, it is pretty much unique. It can be filed under the category of "god games" or "terraforming", but among these categories this game is pretty unique. Stuff like say Black & White is a lot closer to a strategy game now.

From what we know, From Dust will also stay a unique game for the forseeable future. Despite selling well-enough, the devs I think announced they have no intentions of releasing a sequel.